KINGDOM PROTISTA

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KINGDOM PROTISTA
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• First appeared 1.5 billion years ago
• Eukaryotic
• Found in fresh or salt water
• Unicellular
• Lack specialized features
• No embryos or complex sex organs
• Most aerobic

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CLASSIFIED INTO THREE DIFFERENT GROUPS

• Animal-like Protists
• (Protozoan means First Animal)
• heterotrophs
• ? ingest food from surrounding
• Vary in size (2 ?m ? 5 cm) and form
• Can be parasitic
• Aquatic

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Four Phyla based on method of Locomotion

• A) Sarcodines
• amoeboid movement by pseudopods (False Feet)
• ? cytoplasmic extension and retraction of
  pseudopods to engulf food particles

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• Amoeba movement

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B) Flagellates

• whip like flagella
• most are parasitic and cause disease in animals
• some have chloroplasts
• ex. Euglena, trypanosomes, giardia

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C) Ciliates

• hair like for synchronized swimming
• reproduce asexually by binary fission
• sexually by conjugation
• ex. Paramecium, stentor, vorticella
• Movement video cilia and flagellum

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D) Sporozoans

• non- motile, depend on body fluids of host for
  movement
• all parasitic
• complex life cycles
• ex. Plasmodium viviax (malaria)
• see pg. 355 fig. 10

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Plant like Protists

• autotrophic ? contain chlorophyll and are
  photosynthetic pigments
• Unicellular or multicellular
• Aquatic
• 6 phyla based on type of chloroplasts and
  pigments
• E.g. euglena, algae

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Funguslike Protists

• Referred to as slime moulds
• Most are saprotrophic (live dead organic matter)
• Aquatic or terrestrial
• Some are parasites
• E.g. plasmodium

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IMPORTANCE OF PROTISTS

• Found almost everywhere in the biosphere
• Provide a food source for other organisms (even
  other protests)
• Algae perform 50 to 75 of all photosynthesis on
  Earth and so produce most of the worlds free
  oxygen
• Algae also provides agar, which is used in drug
  capsules, gels and cosmetics
• Diatoms contain silica, which is used in
  insulation and filtration materials
• Algae are instrumental in the creating of
  petroleum resources