Domain II

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Domain II

• Organisms
• EOCT Review pages 5-7

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1

• ATP is a nucleotide.
• It is used as a source of energy in the cell.

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2

• ATP releases energy as bonds are broken.
• A P P P
• A P P P

This bond is broken
This is ADPwhich is a lower energy molecule than
ATP.
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• Cell use energy for
• Respiration
• Photosynthesis (in plants)
• Digestion (in animals)
• Reproduction (meiosis)
• Active transport
• Growth and repair (mitosis)

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Process Organelle where it occurs What is needed? What is produced?
Photosynthesis
Cell Respiration
Sugar (glucose) and Oxygen
Chloroplast
CO2, H20, LIGHT
Cytoplasm and Mitochondria
Sugar (glucose) and Oxygen
CO2, H20, 36 ATP
Sugar (glucose) Oxygen
CO2 H20 LIGHT
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• PLANTAE!!!!!
• AndSome bacteria and some protists.

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• Sugar (glucose) Oxygen

CO2 H20 36 ATP
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• All eukaryotic kingdoms perform respiration
• Plantae
• Protista
• Animalia
• Fungi

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• Autotroph Producer

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9

• Heterotroph Consumer

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• Fermentation is a process that occurs when there
  is not enough oxygen to run steps 2 (Krebs
  cycle)and 3 (Electron transport chain) of cell
  respiration.
• It happens in the cytoplasm.

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• The glucose is broken in half during step 1 of
  cell respiration (glycolysis) to form two
  pyruvate molecules.
• The pyruvate is changed into lactic acid, which
  allows glycolysis to happen again.
• You feel the lactic acid build up as a burning
  sensation in your muscles.

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• Taxonomy is the scientific study of classifying
  organisms into groups based on characteristics.

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• Homo sapiens
• Homo genus name
• sapiens species name.

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• K
• P
• C
• O
• F
• G
• S

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• A taxon (pl. taxa) is a level of classification.
• K, P, C, O, F, G, and S are taxa.

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• Similar DNA sequences (biochemistry)
• Physical similarities
• Geographic distribution
• Chromosome comparisons
• Breeding behavior

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• It allows for an orderly study and makes
  comparisons between organisms possible.

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• Evolutionary relationships are another way to
  determine how closely two species are related.

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• Old bacterial kingdom Monera
• Scientists realized that some bacteria were as
  different from other bacteria as plants are from
  animals.
• So, they needed to be in different kingdoms.
• Thus, the birth of kingdoms Archaebacteria and
  Eubacteria

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• A tool used to determine the identity of an
  organism based on physical characteristics.

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• A house fly
• B Grasshopper
• C Ladybug
• D dragonfly

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• A cladogram is a diagram showing evolutionary
  relationships and history between organisms.

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• A.) Mosses
• Technically it is the green algae ancestor, but
  of the clades listed, Mosses are the oldest.
• B.) Ferns, Cone-bearing plants and Flowering
  plants
• C.) Cone-bearing plants and flowering plants
• D.) Flowering plants

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19dont know why it is numbered 19.accept it
and move on.
Characteristic Archaea Bacteria Protista Fungi Plantae Animalia
Cell Type PRO PRO EU EU EU EU
of cells 1 1 1 Some 1, most multi Multi multi
Nucleus NO NO YES YES YES YES
FOOD? Some auto/ some hetero Some auto/ some hetero Some auto/ some hetero Hetero Auto Hetero
Cell wall? YES YES Some YES YES NO
Photosyn? NO A few A few NO YES NO
Ex Thermophiles Methanogens -E. Coli -Staph -Strep Euglena Amoeba Paramecium -Mold - Yeast Plants Animals
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• Binary fission is an asexual method of
  reproduction that occurs in bacteria. It is very
  similar to mitosis
• 1.) The bacterial DNA is copied.
• 2.) The copied DNA moves to opposite sides of
  the cell.
• 3.) The cell splits in half forming two identical
  cells.

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• Decomposers return nutrients into the soil (and
  atmosphere in the case of carbon (CO2) allowing
  the cycle to continue.

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• Viruses are considered non-living because
• 1.) They cannot reproduce on their own. (They
  need a host).
• 2.) They are not made of cells.
• They are essentially a bag made of protein with
  DNA or RNA in the bag.

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This is a BACTERIOPHAGE. (A virus that infects
bacteria)
Pay special attention to the CAPSID and the DNA.
These are the two most important parts for you to
know!!!
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• In the lytic cycle, the virus
• 1.) completely takes over the cell
• 2.) uses the cells organelles to make new
  viruses
• 3.) causes the cell to explode, releasing the new
  viruses.

• In the lysogenic cycle, the virus
• 1.) hides its DNA in the host cell DNA.
• 2.) reproduces only as fast as the host cell goes
  through mitosis.
• 3.) may lie hidden for years before the person
  shows any symptoms.

These are very fast-acting viruses.
These tend to be slow-acting viruses.
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• A very basic explanation
• 1.) The virus enters the host cell.
• 2.) The virus is copied within the cell.
• Either by
• taking over the cell (lytic cycle) or
• by being copied as the host cell divides
  (lysogenic cycle)
• 3.) The new viruses leave the cell to infect
  other cells.