Title: The 6 Kingdoms
1The 6 Kingdoms
2Classification
- Domain (recent addition)-Kingdom- Phylum -Class-
Order- Family- Genus- Species - 3 Domains
- Archaea
- Bacteria
- Eukarya
- 6 Kingdoms within the 3 Domains
- there are more, but we are going to focus on just
the major 6 groupings
3The two Kingdom System
- Kingdom Animalia
- All organisms that can move and use food for
energy - All animals
- Kingdom Plantae
- Things that could make their own food
- Plants
- Fungi (really cannot make own food)
- We did not know about microorganisms to even
classify them!
4The 5 Kingdom System
- Very recent classification
- Monera- all prokaryotic cells
- Protista- Eukaryotic unicellular organisms,
included algae - Fungi- eukaryotic, multicellular organisms that
are heterotrophic, have cell wall of chitin - Plantae- eukaryotic, multicellular, autotrophic
organisms, have cell wall of cellulose - Animalia- eukaryotic, multicellular,
heterotrophic organisms with no cell wall
5Relationship of the Domains
- Although Archaea used to be classified as a
bacteria, studies of physiology and morphology of
cell reveals that they are as different from
bacteria as we are? they need a separate domain.
6Most recent Classification
7Naming the 6 Kingdoms
- Archaebacteria
- Eubacteria
- Protista
- Fungi
- Plantae
- Animalia
8Archaebacteria Prokaryote
- Cell walls without peptidoglycan (This makes them
different from Eubacteria!) - Unicellular
- Autotroph or Heterotroph
- Flagella for movement
- reproduce asexually (binary fission)
- Found in harsh environments (undersea volcanic
vents, acidic hot springs, salty water) - Subdivided into 3 groups based on their habitat
--- methanogens (produce methane),
thermoacidophiles (Like hot and acidic
environments), extreme halophiles (love salt!)
9 Halophiles (like salt)
Thermophiles (like heat)
10EubacteriaProkaryote
- Cell walls made of peptidoglycan
- All are unicellular
- Most are heterotrophic (cant make their own
food) some are autotrophs - Move with flagella
- reproduce asexually (binary fission)
- Come in 3 basic shapes --- cocci (spheres),
bacilli (rod shaped), spirilla (corkscrew shape) - Can be aerobic (require oxygen) or anaerobic
(dont need oxygen) and are unicellular - Can be identified by Gram staining (gram positive
or gram negative) -
11Eubacteria
- Staphylococcus aureus
- Bacillus anthracis
- E. coli
12ProtistaEukaryote
- Cell walls with cellulose
- Most are unicellular
- Some are autotrophs and have chloroplast and
perform photosynthesis - Some are heterotrophs that ingest small food
particles digest it inside food vacuoles
containing digestive enzymes - cilia, flagella pseudopodia
- Can reproduce asexually or sexually
- Can be found in pond or stagnant water
13Amoeba
Rotifer
Euglena
Algae
14Fungi Eukaryote
- Cell walls are made of chitin (a complex
polysaccharide) - Most are multi-cellular, but some are unicellular
like yeast - Most are saprobes live on other dead organisms
- Non-motile no movement
- Can reproduce sexually or asexually
- Do not contain chlorophyll (They are NOT
plants!!) - Store food energy as glycogen
- Important decomposers recyclers of nutrients in
the environment - Lack true roots, stems, leaves
15Mushrooms
Mold
Ringworm
Yeast
16Plantae Eukaryote
- Cell wall made of cellulose
- All plants are multi-cellular
- Autotrophs They trap energy from the sun by
photosynthesis store it in organic compounds - No movement
- Reproduce sexually or asexually
- Contain chlorophyll inside of chloroplasts
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18Animalia Eukaryote
- Cells lack cell walls
- All multi-cellular (metazoans)
- Heterotrophs (take in food internally digest
it) - Can Move
- Reproduce sexually
- Show levels of organization including cell,
tissue, organ, system - Cells are specialized for particular functions
- Cells contain a nucleus and membrane bound
organelles
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20Ticket KingdomsTake out a sheet of paper and
tear it in half. Share with a neighbor. You may
use the notes you just took.Are you ready?
211. Which Kingdom do I belong to?
I am single celledMy Cell wall is made of
cellulose
Protista
222. Which Kingdom do I belong to?
I am multi-cellularI dont have a cell wall
Animalia
233. Which Kingdom do I belong to?
I am single celled
Protista
244. Which Kingdom do I belong to?
I am single celledMy Cell wall is made of
peptidoglycan
Eubacteia
255. Which Kingdom do I belong to?
I am multi-cellularI cant move
Planate
266. Which Kingdom do I belong to?
I am single celledI am a halophile
Archaebacteria
277. Which Kingdom do I belong to?
I am single celledI move by cilia
Protista
288. Which Kingdom do I belong to?
I am multi-cellular
Animalia
299. Which Kingdom do I belong to?
I am a thermoacidophile
Archaebacteria
3010. Which Kingdom do I belong to?
I move by pseduopod
Protista