The 6 Kingdoms

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The 6 Kingdoms
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Classification

• Domain (recent addition)-Kingdom- Phylum -Class-
  Order- Family- Genus- Species
• 3 Domains
• Archaea
• Bacteria
• Eukarya
• 6 Kingdoms within the 3 Domains
• there are more, but we are going to focus on just
  the major 6 groupings

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The two Kingdom System

• Kingdom Animalia
• All organisms that can move and use food for
  energy
• All animals
• Kingdom Plantae
• Things that could make their own food
• Plants
• Fungi (really cannot make own food)
• We did not know about microorganisms to even
  classify them!

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The 5 Kingdom System

• Very recent classification
• Monera- all prokaryotic cells
• Protista- Eukaryotic unicellular organisms,
  included algae
• Fungi- eukaryotic, multicellular organisms that
  are heterotrophic, have cell wall of chitin
• Plantae- eukaryotic, multicellular, autotrophic
  organisms, have cell wall of cellulose
• Animalia- eukaryotic, multicellular,
  heterotrophic organisms with no cell wall

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Relationship of the Domains

• Although Archaea used to be classified as a
  bacteria, studies of physiology and morphology of
  cell reveals that they are as different from
  bacteria as we are? they need a separate domain.

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Most recent Classification
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Naming the 6 Kingdoms

1. Archaebacteria
2. Eubacteria
3. Protista
4. Fungi
5. Plantae
6. Animalia

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Archaebacteria Prokaryote

• Cell walls without peptidoglycan (This makes them
  different from Eubacteria!)
• Unicellular
• Autotroph or Heterotroph
• Flagella for movement
• reproduce asexually (binary fission)
• Found in harsh environments (undersea volcanic
  vents, acidic hot springs, salty water)
• Subdivided into 3 groups based on their habitat
  --- methanogens (produce methane),
  thermoacidophiles (Like hot and acidic
  environments), extreme halophiles (love salt!)

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Halophiles (like salt)
Thermophiles (like heat)
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EubacteriaProkaryote

• Cell walls made of peptidoglycan
• All are unicellular
• Most are heterotrophic (cant make their own
  food) some are autotrophs
• Move with flagella
• reproduce asexually (binary fission)
• Come in 3 basic shapes --- cocci (spheres),
  bacilli (rod shaped), spirilla (corkscrew shape)
• Can be aerobic (require oxygen) or anaerobic
  (dont need oxygen) and are unicellular
• Can be identified by Gram staining (gram positive
  or gram negative)
•  

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Eubacteria

• Staphylococcus aureus 
• Bacillus anthracis
• E. coli

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ProtistaEukaryote

• Cell walls with cellulose
• Most are unicellular
• Some are autotrophs and have chloroplast and
  perform photosynthesis
• Some are heterotrophs that ingest small food
  particles digest it inside food vacuoles
  containing digestive enzymes
• cilia, flagella pseudopodia
• Can reproduce asexually or sexually
• Can be found in pond or stagnant water

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Amoeba
Rotifer
Euglena
Algae
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Fungi Eukaryote

• Cell walls are made of chitin (a complex
  polysaccharide)
• Most are multi-cellular, but some are unicellular
  like yeast
• Most are saprobes live on other dead organisms
• Non-motile no movement
• Can reproduce sexually or asexually
• Do not contain chlorophyll (They are NOT
  plants!!)
• Store food energy as glycogen
• Important decomposers recyclers of nutrients in
  the environment
• Lack true roots, stems, leaves

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Mushrooms
Mold
Ringworm
Yeast
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Plantae Eukaryote

• Cell wall made of cellulose
• All plants are multi-cellular
• Autotrophs They trap energy from the sun by
  photosynthesis store it in organic compounds
• No movement
• Reproduce sexually or asexually
• Contain chlorophyll inside of chloroplasts

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Animalia Eukaryote

• Cells lack cell walls
• All multi-cellular (metazoans)
• Heterotrophs (take in food internally digest
  it)
• Can Move
• Reproduce sexually
• Show levels of organization including cell,
  tissue, organ, system
• Cells are specialized for particular functions
• Cells contain a nucleus and membrane bound
  organelles

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Ticket KingdomsTake out a sheet of paper and
tear it in half. Share with a neighbor. You may
use the notes you just took.Are you ready?
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1. Which Kingdom do I belong to?
I am single celledMy Cell wall is made of
cellulose
Protista
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2. Which Kingdom do I belong to?
I am multi-cellularI dont have a cell wall
Animalia
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3. Which Kingdom do I belong to?
I am single celled
Protista
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4. Which Kingdom do I belong to?
I am single celledMy Cell wall is made of
peptidoglycan
Eubacteia
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5. Which Kingdom do I belong to?
I am multi-cellularI cant move
Planate
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6. Which Kingdom do I belong to?
I am single celledI am a halophile
Archaebacteria
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7. Which Kingdom do I belong to?
I am single celledI move by cilia
Protista
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8. Which Kingdom do I belong to?
I am multi-cellular
Animalia
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9. Which Kingdom do I belong to?
I am a thermoacidophile
Archaebacteria
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10. Which Kingdom do I belong to?
I move by pseduopod
Protista