Skeletal System

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Skeletal System
2
General Facts

• of bones in the body ???

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Bones many different shapes and sizes
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General Facts (continued)

• Framework
• Movement
• Storage of nutrients
• Protection
• Blood production

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Spongy Bone
Medullary Canal
Bone Shaft
Bony Layer
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Bone Shaft
-area between the bone ends
Spongy Bone

• -red marrow (bone marrow)
• -make blood
• -absorbs shock

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Medullary Canal
-yellow marrow (fat cells) -stores nutrients
Bony Layer
-hard bone material -protection
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Periosteum
-tough, living membrane on the outside of the
bony layer. -pinkish in color -many capillaries
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Skeletal Diagram
cranium
maxilla
mandible
clavicle
scapula
sternum
ribs
vertebra
humerus
ulna
radius
carpals
metacarpals
Phalanges/hand
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Skeletal Diagram
ilium
pubis
femur
ischium
patella
tibia
fibula
tarsals
metatarsals
Phalanges/feet
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Skeletal System

• Cranium
• Skull
• 8 fused bones

• Facial bones
• Make up the face
• 14 fused bones
• 1 is moveable

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Skeletal System

• Vertebra
• Backbone
• Cervical (7)(neck)
• Thoracic (12)(upper/middle back)
• Lumbar (5)(lower back)
• Sacrum (5 fused together)
• Cervix (4 fused together)
• tailbone

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Skeletal System

• Shoulder
• Clavicle, scapula, and humerus
• Pectoral girdle
• Arm
• Humerus upper arm
• Ulna pinky side of the lower arm
• Radius thumb side of the lower arm

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Skeletal System

• Hand
• Carpals (8)
• Wrist bones
• Metacarpals (5)
• Palm bones
• Phalanges of the hand (14)
• fingers

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Skeletal System

• Chest
• Sternum
• Breastbone
• Xiphoid process

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Skeletal System

• Ribs (12 pairs)
• True Ribs (7 pairs)
• Individual cartilage attachment to the sternum
• False Ribs (3 pairs)
• Shared cartilage attachment to the sternum
• Floating Ribs (2 pairs)
• No cartilage attachment to the sternum

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Skeletal System

• Pelvic Girdle
• Ilium - (Hip)
• Ischium - (Sit on)
• Pubis - (Pubic)

(Pelvis)
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Skeletal System

• Leg
• Femur - (thigh)
• Largest bone in the body
• Tibia - (shin)
• Fibula - (behind the shin)
• Patella (knee cap)
• Protects the knee

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Skeletal System

• Foot
• Tarsals - (7) (ankle)
• Metatarsals - (5) (arch)
• Phalanges of the foot - (14) (toes)

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Joints of the Body

• Ball and Socket
• Freely moveable in almost any direction
• Shoulder, hip
• Hinge Joint
• Bends in one direction only
• Knee, elbow, fingers

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Joints of the Body

• Pivot
• One bone rotating around another
• Radius/Ulna, Cranium/Vertebra
• Gliding
• One bone sliding next to one or more bones
• Carpal, tarsals

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Joints of the Body

• Partially moveable
• Slight movement to allow bending and stability
• Vertebra
• Immoveable
• No movement, used for
• protection
• Cranium

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Bone Problems

• Bones and joints are under constant stress and
  sometimes are pushed beyond their capacity.
• This can happen from one of three reasons
• 1.
• 2.
• 3.

Overuse
Improper Use
Impact from outside force
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Bone Problems

• Sports and car accidents are two leading causes
  of bone and joint injuries in young people.
• What is a bone fracture?
• There are 3 main types of fractures. Can you
  list and describe them?
• 1.
• 2.
• 3.

Broken bone
Greenstick
Simple
Compound
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Bone Problems

• Greenstick
• Simple
• (closed)
• Compound
• (open)

Occurs in children bend enough to break some of
the bone fibers, but not the entire bone.
Partially or completely broken, but the skin is
not pierced.
Broken bone pierces the skin most serious
because bone end is exposed to infections.
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Bone Problems

• What is a callus?
• Following a bone fracture the bone must heal.
  How does the bone do this?

Sticky substance from the blood that forms a bony
deposit around the break site.

1. Inflammation
2. Callus
3. Periosteum deposits new bone cells
4. Callus hardens

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Bone Problems

• Different ways that doctors can treat bone
  fractures.
• 1.
• 2.
• 3.
• 4.
• 5.

Casts
Pins, rods, screws, plates
Bone Surgery
Bone Grafts
Electrical Current (Low Level)
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Bone Problems

• What is the name of a bone and joint specialist?
  What do they do?

Orthopedist Orthopedic Surgeon
Treats bone disorders Sometimes include surgery
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Joint Problems

• Joint injuries do not directly affect the bone,
  but the tissue connecting two or more bones.
• What is the name of the tissue that connects bone
  to bone?
• The most common type of joint injury is the
  Describe this injury.
• Name some common joints that have this injury?

Ligaments
Sprain.
Overstretching of the ligaments
Knee, fingers, ankle
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Joint Problems

• Another common injury is a dislocation.
• Describe this injury.
• A common dislocation site is the
• Another common injury is torn cartilage.
• Describe this injury.
• A common site of torn cartilage is the

Severly stretched ligaments that allow the bone
to be displaced.
shoulder.
Cartilage that helps cushion the joints is torn.
knee.
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Joint Problems

• What is bursitis?
• The two common sites of bursitis are the
• and

Inflammation of the bursa.
(Small liquid filled sac located near a joint.)
Shoulder
Knee.
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Joint Problems

• What is a ruptured disc and where does it occur?
• How can you strengthen your body to avoid a
  ruptured disc.

Cartilage disc between the vertebra have soft
jelly-like centers. Under stressful back
movements, the center rupture.
Exercise abdominal muscles Lift with legs Lose
excess weight
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Joint Problems

• There are a few treatment options for the above
  injuries. Can you name a few?
• 1.
• 2.
• 3.
• 4.
• What is arthroscopic surgery?

Rest
Ice
Compression
Elevation
The use of tiny instruments to repair tissue.
This does not require large openings (incisions)
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Skeletal System Disorders
Brittle Bone Disorder

• What is Osteoporosis?
• Who does it primarily affect?
• What mineral does the body lack?
• How can people prevent this disorder?

Gradual weakening of the bone
Males
Females
Potassium
Calcium
Iron
Adequate calcium, exercise
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Skeletal System Disorders

• What is Scoliosis?
• Which part of the skeletal system is this
  disorder affecting?
• How is this disorder treated?

S curve to the vertebra
Vertebra
Special braces, surgery