Title: ????(Forwards)
1???????????
- ????
- ???????????
- ?????????
- ????(Forwards)
- ??(Futures)
- ??????????
2- ???(Option)
- ?????(Call)???(Put)
- ?????????
- ??????????
- ??(Swap)
- ???????
3???????????
- ??????????????????????????????????????.
- ????????????????????????????????.
4?????????
- ?????????????????
- 1.????(Forwards)
- 2.??(Futures)
- 3.???(Option)
- 4.??(Swap)
5?? ???? ??? ?? ???
?? ???? ????? ????? ????
?? ?? ???? ?????????? ???? ???????
?? ???? ?????? ??????? ???? ???????????
?? ???? ???? ????? ???????
61.????(Forwards)
- ?????????????????????????,??????????????,?????????
???????????????? - ????????????????????????????? ??????
- ?????????????????????????.
7- ??????????????,????????????????????????,??????????
??? - ??????????????,?????,???????????????????
8??????????
- ????????,??????????????.
- ???????????,???????????????????,??????????????????
??? . - ?????????,???????????,???????????????????????????
??????.
92.??(Futures)
- ?????????????,?????,???????????,????????,?????????
??? - ????????????,???????????????????,??????,??????????
??
10- ???????,?????????????,?????????????????,?margin,??
???????????????????(marked-to-market),??????,?????
????
11??????????
- ??,????????????????????????????????.???????????
???? ??
1.????????? ? ?
2.?????????? ? ?
3.????????? ? ?
4.??????? ? ?
12???????
- ?????,???????????????(?????????),???????????,?????
. - ???,?????????.?????????????????????,???????????,?
??????,????????.
133.???(Option)
- ?????????????,?????????(???????)??????????(????)??
??????????,??????????????,??????????????????????? - ????????????????????.
14?????(Call)???(Put)
- ?????(Call)??????????????,????????(???????)???????
????????(????). - ?????(Put)??????????????,????????(???????)????????
???????(????).
15????????
- ?????????(Call)???(Put),???????,????????,????????.
- ???????????,?????????????,????????????,????????.
16?????????????
- ????????????????????????????????????,???????????.
- ???????????????????????.
- ?????????????????????,?????????15??????????.
17?????(?)??????
- ????(?)???????????,?????????(?)??,????????????????
??????,?????????????????????????,?????????????,??
?????????????. - ??(2003??)????????????,?????????????????????.
18?????(exercise)??????
- ?????????? 1.??(exercise)??,2.???????
- ???????????????,???????????????,??????????????????
? - ???????????????????????,?????????(premium)???
19???????????
- ????????????,???????? 1.?????,?2.????????????????
???????????????????????????
20?????????
- ?????????????
- 1.????(Intrinsic value),
- 2.????(Time premium).
21????
- ?????????????????????????,??????????.?????,???????
(??????????????????),?????,???????(???????????????
???)
???? ?? ??
????????? ?? ???? 0
????????? 0 ???? - ??
22In-the-money ?Out-of-the-money
- ?????????,???????in-the-money,???????????????,???
????out-of-the-money,??????????????,???????at-th
e-money,????
23????(time premium)
- ????????????????????,?????.????????????????????.??
?????????????????? - ????,???????????,?????,??????,?????????????.
24Black-Scholes ??????????
- 1.???????????????????????.
- 2.??????????.
- 3.?????????,??????????????.
(??)
25- 4.?????????????????????.
- 5.????????????,???????.
- 6.???????????????.
- 7.??????????,???????????.
26Black Scholes? ?????(Call option)????
- C SN(d1) Xe -kRFtN(d2).
- d1 .
- s t
- d2 d1 s t.
ln(S/X) kRF (s2/2)t
27- ??
- C?????,
- S????
- X??????
- t???????(?????)
- KRF?????(?????)
- N(.)?????????
- s??????????
28- ???????????
- ????(??1) X???(??2)
- ???????,???????1, X?????X,?????????????
- ( (S-X) ?0),?????????0.
29??????????????Assume S 27 X 25 kRF
6t 0.5 years s2 0.11
- C 27N(d1) 25e-(0.06)(0.5)N(d2).
- ln(27/25) (0.06 0.11/2)(0.5)
- (0.3317)(0.7071)
- 0.5736.
- d2 d1 (0.3317)(0.7071) d1 0.2345
- 0.5736 0.2345 0.3391.
d1
30??????????????? N(d1) N(0.5736) 0.5000
0.2168 0.7168. N(d2) N(0.3391) 0.5000
0.1327 0.6327. C 27(0.7168)
25e-0.03(0.6327) 19.3536
25(0.97045)(0.6327) 4.0036.
????Brigham and Houston(2001),Financial
management.
31??????????
- ????????????
- 1.???,
- 2.????,
- 3.??,
- 4.?????????,
- 5.?????.
32??????????
???? ???? ????
Delta ????????
Gamma Delta????
Vega ????????????
Theta ?????????
Rho ???????
??????????????????????????,p.122.
334.??(Swap)
- ??(SWAP)????????????????.
- ??(SWAP)?????????????????????????,????????????,???
???????????????,?????(?)???? .
?????????????????????????????,p.129151..
34???????
- ??????????,??????,?
- 1.???????????????,??????,?????????.
- 2.????????????????.
- 3.????????????????,?????????????.
- 4.?????????????????.
35?????
- ????????,???????.
- ????,???????.
36???????
- ??(Swap)???????
- a.????(Interest rate Swaps).
- b.?????????.(Currency Swaps and Exchange Rate
Swaps) - c.????(Commodity Swaps).
- d.????(Equity Swaps).
37a.????(Interest rate Swaps)
- ??????????????????????????,???????????????????????
???.
38??
- A??????????AAA???????,B????????BBB?????,?????????4
000??.
???? A?????? B??????
???? 4.25 6
???? LIBOR LIBOR1
??????? ???? ????
39- A????????????,?????????.B????????????,?????????.
- ??????
- A???4.25??????.
- B???LIBOR1??????.
- A?B??????5??4000???????????.
- A???????LIBOR1??B??.
- B????A??????5.75
40A?? B??
?? 4.25 LIBOR1 5.75 LIBOR1
?? 5.75 LIBOR1
??? LIBOR-0.5 5.75
?????, ??? LIBOR 6
????? 0.5 0.25
41?????
- A?B??????,???????0.5?0.25?????,????????.
42b.???? (Currency Swaps)
- ??????????????,?????,?????,?????????????.?????,???
??????????????,??????????????.
43??
- ????????????,????????????GLW,?????????????.???????
?,GLW????????????.????????. - ?????GLW??????????????,??????????.??????????GLW???
?????.
44- 1.???GLW?????????????????????????????,?????????.
- 2.???????????GLW??, GLW????????????????,
GLW??????????,?????????????. - 3.???????,(?????????????),????????????.
45????????
- 1.?????,???????????,????????????.
- 2.???????????.(?????????????,????????????).
46c.????(Commodity Swaps)
- ??????????????????????????????,???????????????????
?????????????. - ???????????????????????,?????????????????,????????
????,???????????.??????????.
47- ?????????????2???????????,????????????,???????????
??,???????????????.???????????,??????????,??,?????
?,????????????. - ????????????????????2?.??????,???????????????.
48d.????(Equity Swaps)
- ?????????????????????,????????????????,??????????,
???????????????????????.?????????????,????????.
49- ???????,????????????????,????????????????????,????
??????????????????????????. ??????????????????????
,???????.
50??
- A??????????,?????????????.
- ???????,??????????20??????,???????????????.
- ????B??????????,??????????20?????.???????B???????
??????,????,B?????????????????.