Introduction%20to%20Film%20Studies

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Introduction to Film Studies

• Montage

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Editing Devices

• Cheat Cut - in the continuity editing systyem, a
  cut which presents continuous time from shot to
  shot but which mismatches the position of figures
  or objects
• The lady on the phone, the wall and the people at
  dinner table, Meet me in St. Louis

3
Editing Devices

• Establishing shots are for identifying the
  context for a scene by showing the relationship
  between important figures and their surrounding.
  Generally they are filmed in long or
  extreme-long shot at the beginning of a scene.
  Vertigo

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Editing Devices

• Establishing shot not only introduces the viewer
  a location, but also determines the spatial
  relationship in it, very importantly, the axis of
  action for the 180 rule (system) Vertigo

5
Editing Devices

• Cross-cutting editing that alternates the shots
  of two or more lines of action taking place in
  different places but simultaneously. Multiple
  actions are linked and multiple characters from
  different shots are associated. Godfather

6
Editing Devices

• Cut-in The change of framing from distant to
  closer view. In Dancer in the Dark Selma and
  Bill are having a conversation in his car. An
  extreme long shot of Bills car cut in to the
  medium long shot of Bill and Selma.

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Editing Devices

• Cut-away the interruption of a continuous
  action by inserting a view of something else.
  The cut-away shot is followed, though not always,
  by a cut back to the previous action.
• The Odessa Steps montage Sergei Eisensteins
  Battleship Potemkin

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Editing Devices

• Jump Cut editing in which two sequential shots
  of the same subject are taken from different
  camera positions. Through this editing, an
  action jumps forwards in time. It manipulates
  the duration of the action.

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Duration of Time in Editing

• Temporal ellipsis jumping forward in story time
  by not showing what may have happened between the
  last action and the next.
• In Yasujiro Ozus Tokyo Story, events over a
  night is eliminated by the shot of the old
  parents waiting for a train cut to the shot of a
  railway station in the morning and their son in
  his office.

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Duration of Time in Editing

• The passage of days is eliminated by using a
  series of unmatched shots of holiday-makers
  arriving at the beach town and indicating a
  holiday season is approaching.
• Stephen Spielbergs Jaws

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Duration of Time in Editing

• One of the boldest graphic matches in cinema
  history and one of the largest temporal ellipsis.
  Between the shot of a bone spinning in the air
  and that of a space station orbiting the earth,
  two million years has passed in Stanley Kubricks
  2001 Space Odyssey

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Duration of Time in Editing

• Story time (the length of time passes in the
  story) can be prolonged as discourse time (the
  length of time spent to tell the story) by adding
  extra shots in the process of editing.
• In Martin Scorseses Raging Bull, a fight is
  greatly extended by including extra shots.

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Order in Editing

• Hiroshima, Mon Amour
• Continuity editing typically presents the story
  events chronologically. The most common
  (acceptable) violation of this order is
  flashback.
• A mans hand reminds a woman of her German
  soldier lover who was shot dead during the war.