North Africa and The Middle East

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North Africa and The Middle East
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North Africa

• Morocco
• Algeria
• Tunisia
• Libya
• Western Sahara
• Egypt

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Southwest Asia/ The Middle East

• Turkey
• Syria
• Iraq
• Saudi Arabia
• Yemen
• Jordan
• Lebanon
• Israel

• Cyprus
• Iran
• Afghanistan
• Oman
• Qatar
• Bahrain
• Kuwait
• UAE

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Central Asia

• Kazakhstan
• Uzbekistan
• Turkmenistan
• Tajikistan
• Kyrgyzstan

stanmeans land of
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Satellite view of Sahara Desert
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The Sahara Desert is a natural boundary

• Extends across North Africa
• Covers 3.5 million square miles of land
• Little vegetations/ wind erosion common
• 130 degree- 0 degree temperatures

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Sahara Desert
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Found in the Sahara

• Oasis- an isolated area of vegetation
• Erg- windswept sand
• Reg- gravel covered plain
• Depression- low land
• Wadis- dry stream bed which fills with water
  during the rainy season

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An Oasis in Sahara
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Reg
Erg
Wadi
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Negev and Syrian Deserts

• Syrian Desert covers portions of Syria, Iraq,
  Jordan, and Saudi Arabia
• Negev Desert is located in Southern Israel

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Atlas Mountains
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Atlas Mountains

• Located in Morocco, Algeria Tunisia
• 1500 miles long
• Separate the Atlantic Mediterranean coastlines
  from the Sahara Desert
• Inhabited by the Berbers (Indigenous people)

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Zagros Mountains

• Largest mountain range in Iran and Iraq

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Elburz Mountains

• Located in Iran
• Tallest mountain in the Middle East

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Arabian Peninsula
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Arabian Peninsula

• Saudi Arabia, Oman, Yemen, Bahrain, Kuwait, UAE,
  Qatar, Israel, Palestine, Jordan, Syria, SW Iraq
• Surrounded by Red Sea, Gulf of Oman, Gulf of
  Aden, Mediterranean Sea Persian Gulf
• Contains the worlds largest oil reserves

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Tectonic plate movement has created many gulfs
and seas
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Sinai Peninsula

• Located in Egypt
• Lies between the Mediterranean Sea to the North
  and the Red Sea to the South
• Joins Africa to Asia

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Persian Gulf

• Located between Iran and the Arabian Peninsula
• Worlds largest source of oil

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Nile River- Great River

• Longest river in world 4,160 miles long
• Flows North to the Mediterranean Sea
• Two major tributaries White Nile and Blue Nile

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Nile River Delta at the Mediterranean Sea
Nile in Cairo
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Nile River
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The Fertile Crescent
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The Fertile Crescent

• Tigris and Euphrates Rivers
• Historically referred to as Mesopotamia or the
  Cradle of Civilization
• Located in Iraq
• Headwater is the Taurus Mountains
• Mouth is the Persian Gulf

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Dead Sea-Sea of Salt

• Salt lake borders Jordan Israel
• Shoreline- lowest elevation on earth 1385 ft bsl
• 38 salt therefore animals cannot flourish

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Aral Sea- Sea of Islands

• Located in Central Asia (Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan)
• Formerly the 4th largest lake in world
• 10 remains (Russian irrigation, drought, and
  industrial pollution)
• One of the planets worst environmental
  disasters

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Caspian Sea

• Largest lake or inland body of water on Earth
• Landlocked by Azerbaijan, Iran, Kazakhstan,
  Russia, Turkmenistan
• Freshwater in the North and more saline in the
  south

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Red Sea

• Located between Africa and Asia
• Becoming wider as the Arabian and African plates
  spread
• 18 desalinization plants along the sea
• Saudi Arabia

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Climate

• Arid Climate dominates region
• Mediterranean Climate along the coast
• Semi-Arid Climate between the Sahara and the
  Coast

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The most valuable resource on Earth (especially
NA/ ME)Water!!!!
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Demographics of SW Asia

• Birth Rate 27/1000
• Death Rate 6/1000
• Rate of Increase 2.0
• Infant Mortality Rate 48/1000
• Fertility Rate 3.7
• Life Expectancy 68
• Urban 63
• Pop. Density 114 people per square mile

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Egypt 79 million people
Bahrain- 807,000 people
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Oil Consumption

• The U.S. consumes about 146 billion gallons
  (about 550 billion liters) of gasoline each year
• The U.S. Strategic Petroleum Reserve currently
  stores about 570 million barrels of oil in
  underground salt caverns along the Gulf of
  Mexico. If all imports were cut off this would
  leave the US with a 60 day supply of oil.

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Thanks America!!!!
United States 41,560
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Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries
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OPEC

• One of the most powerful cartels in the world.
  Collectively it has about three quarters of the
  worlds discovered and recognized oil reserves.
• Headquarters are in Vienna, Austria
• These countries control the price of oil by how
  much they produce each day. Of all
  internationally traded oil OPEC produces 58 of
  it.
• How many gallons are in 1 barrel of oil? 42
  gallons

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OPEC member nations
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Top 5 Oil Producing Countries in NAME

• Saudi Arabia 11,150,000 Barrels/day
• Iran 4,231,000 Barrels/day
• Iraq 3,400,000 Barrels/day
• UAE 3,087,000 Barrels/day
• Kuwait 2,682,000 Barrels/day
• (United States 9,023,000 Barrels/day)

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RELIGION
Islam
Christianity
Judaism
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Religion Islam Christianity Judaism
Holy Book Quran Bible Torah
Place of worship Mosque Church Synagogue
Symbol Star crescent moon Cross Star of David
Deity or God Allah Yahweh Yahweh
Founder or prophet Mohammad Jesus Moses or Abraham
Holy city Mecca, Medina, Jerusalem Jerusalem Jerusalem
Holidays Ramadan Hajj Christmas Easter Yom Kippur Rosh Hashanah Hanukah Passover
Important Dates 622- Mohammad founded Islam 732- Islam spread to Europe 313- Emperor made Christianity state religion 1054- Roman Catholic Orthodox church split 1096-1270- Crusades Islam conquered Jerusalem 1517- Martin Luther demands change 70 Roman army enslaves the Jew in Jerusalem 1948- Israel- Arab wars most Jews fled to Europe
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Religion Islam Christianity Judaism
Called Muslims Christians Jews
of Worshipers 1.3 billion 2 billion 14 million
World Rank 2nd Largest Largest 12th largest
Concentrations Middle East, Southeast Asia Europe, North and South America, Rapid growth in Africa Israel, Europe. USA
Main day of worship Friday Sunday Saturday
Date founded 622 CE 33 CE Unknown
Type of Theism Monotheism Monotheism Monotheism
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Arabic is the most widely spoken language
English is a common 2nd language in most countries
Languages
Farsi is the 2nd most spoken language
Turkish is the 3rd most spoken language
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Ethnic Diversity
Assyrians are a distinct ethnic group whose
origins lie in ancient Mesopotamia. They are
Semitic, who speak and write dialects of Eastern
Aramaic (about 4 million). Arab people, are an
ethnic group located in Western Asia and North
Africa. As a single ethnic group, they constitute
one of the world's largest after Han Chinese
(approx. 300 million).
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• Egyptian identity is closely tied to geography.
  The population of Egypt is concentrated in the
  lower Nile valley, and they speak a dialect of
  Arabic (91 million).
• The Georgians are a Caucasian ethnic group that
  are indigenous to Georgia, where they constitute
  a majority of the population. The majority of
  Georgians are Eastern Orthodox Christian (about 6
  million).
• The Jews are a nation and an ethnoreligious
  group, originating in the Israelites or Hebrews
  of the Ancient Near East. The Jewish ethnicity,
  nationality, and religion are strongly
  interrelated, as Judaism is the traditional faith
  of the Jewish nation (14 million).

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• The Kurdish people are related to the people of
  Iran, mostly inhabiting a region known as
  Kurdistan, which includes parts of Turkey, Syria,
  Iran, and Iraq. They speak the Kurdish. The Kurds
  number about 38 million, the majority living in
  Southwest Asia, with significant communities in
  western Turkey, Armenia, Georgia, Israel,
  Azerbaijan, Russia, and Lebanon.
• Lurs are an Iranian peoples living mainly in
  south-western Iran. Their population is estimated
  at around 5 million. The Lur people mostly speak
  Luri, a Southwestern Iranian language related to
  Persian.

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• Persians are an Iranian people who speak the
  modern Persian language and similar Iranian
  dialects and languages. Besides modern Iran
  ethnic Persians are also found in Central Asia
  (Afghanistan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan) where they
  are usually called Tajiks and Farsiwans, as well
  as in southern Iraq (about 81 million).
• The Turkmens are a Turkic people located
  primarily in the Central Asian states of
  Turkmenistan, Afghanistan, northeastern Iran,
  Syria, Iraq and North Caucasus. They speak the
  Turkmen (about 8 million).