War on Terrorism War in Iraq

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War on Terrorism War in Iraq
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September 11

• 19 Terrorists hijacked 4 commercial planes
• 850am American Airlines Flight 11 crashes into
  Tower One of the World Trade Center
• 904am United Airlines Flight 175 crashes in to
  Tower Two of the WTC
• 937am - American Airlines Flight 77 crashes into
  the Pentagon
• 1003am - United Flight 93 crashes into a field
  in Pennsylvania
• Flight Interactive - http//www.cnn.com/SPECIALS/2
  001/trade.center/map.html
• Highjackers Interactive -http//topics.nytimes.com
  /top/reference/timestopics/subjects/s/sept_11_2001
  /attacks/index.html
• http//www.cnn.com/SPECIALS/2001/trade.center/mult
  imedia.day.html

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• Terrorist Attack Timeline - http//www.nctc.gov/si
  te/calendar/index.html

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September 11, 2001

• Number of dead 2,992
• World Trade Center 2,759 (includes 10 hijackers
  and 157 passengers and crew members) Pentagon
  125 (includes 5 hijackers and 59 passengers and
  crew members) Flight 93 44 (includes 4
  hijackers) First responders killed at the World
  Trade CenterNew York Police Department 23
  Fire Department of New York 343 Port Authority
  Police 37 Emergency Medical Service 3

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• What was the response of the U.S. government
  following this attack?
• Presidents Comments -http//www.whitehouse.gov/se
  ptember11/
• Coalition Map - http//www.cnn.com/SPECIALS/2001/t
  rade.center/coalition.maps/
• Homeland Security Act 2002 created Department
  of Homeland Security
• USA Patriot Act - Uniting and Strengthening
  America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required
  to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act of 2001

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Al Qaeda

• Network of Islamic Extremists
• Leader Osama Bin Laden
• Angry at
• U.S. military occupation of the Middle East
• U.S. aggression against the Iraqi people
• U.S. support of Israel
• "Terrorism against America deserves to be praised
  because it was a response to injustice, aimed at
  forcing America to stop its support for Israel,
  which kills our people.

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Osama Bin Laden

• Kicked out of Saudi Arabia
• Set up Al Qaeda training camps in Sudan
• Sudan kicked him out because of pressure from US
  and Saudi Arabia
• Went to Afghanistan
• Jihad
• An individual's striving for spiritual
  self-perfection
• or
• A Muslim holy war or spiritual struggle against
  infidels
• Has been twisted and used as a reason for waging
  wars against many Middle Eastern leaders by
  terrorists.

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Afghanistan

• landlocked country -gt making the export of goods
  difficult and expensive
• rugged mountainous terrain
• temperatures are extreme, as hot as 120 F in
  the summer and as cold as -15 F in the winter.

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Afghanistan

• 1979-1989 Soviet attempted invasion
• 1989-1996 Civil War Islamic fighters turned on
  one another
• Note During the Cold War, the U.S. spent 3
  billion training and supplying Afghans fighting
  against the Soviet Union. Afterwards, we withdrew
  all support and left the country in ruins and
  chaos.

• In 1995 - the Taliban came to power, promising
  traditional, Islamic values came into power,
  installing an oppressive set of rules,
• including revoking many womens rights.

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Taliban Rule

• strict interpretation Islamic law
• executions and punishments
• television, music, and the Internet banned
• men required to wear beards
• girls forbidden to go to school
• women barred from working outside the home
• women were prohibited from leaving their home
  without a male relative.

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The end of the Taliban?

• By October 7, 2001 - Taliban refused to give up
  Osama bin Laden.
• U.S. began bombing Taliban military sites
• By December 9, 2001 - Taliban was said to be
  defeated
• The Taliban has worked to regain power by
  promising to help Afghanistans poorest people
  and aligning itself with warlords, al-Qaeda, and
  other militant groups to gain financial support
  and recruit new fighters.
• http//www.cnn.com/2009/WORLD/asiapcf/04/03/afghan
  istan.war.timeline/index.html

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http//icasualties.org/oef/
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Statistics

• 1 in 4 children die before age of 5
• Average life expectancy is 44 25 years less
  than Americans
• Only 6 of population has access to electricity
• Only 12 of women can read and write
• 67 of boys attend school, 14 of girls

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Iraq

• Diverse
• Ethnic Groups -
• Arabs 75 percent
• Kurds 20 percent
• Religious Groups -
• Shi'ite Muslims - 62 percent
• Sunnis Muslims - 35 percent
• Christians
• world's second-largest oil reserves

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Saddam Hussein

• Came to power in 1979
• Totalitarian
• Sunni
• Repressive to the Kurds and Shiites
• Used chemical weapons to subdue Kurdish
  population
• Human rights Iraq had the world's worst record
  for known persons who have disappeared or remain
  unaccounted for, more than 16,000 people.

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Operation Iraqi Freedom

• Invasion in March 2003 U.S. led (40 other
  countries provided operational support)
• Saddam did not cooperate with U.N. inspectors
  searching for weapons of mass destruction
• Saddam was overthrown on April 9, 2003
• Iraq army was disbanded leaving many jobless
• U.S. led provisional government put in place

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Success in Iraq????

• Dec, 2003 Saddam captured
• May, 2004 Bush makes speech declaring war a
  success
• In the battle of Iraq, the United States and our
  allies have prevailed.
• Dec, 2004 Iraqi interim government put in place
• Oct. 2005 Iraqi vote adopt new constitution

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Insurgency

• Nationalists
• Former members of Saddams regime
• Al Qaeda
• Mission get rid of U.S. led coalition forces
• How convince the enemy's decision-makers their
  cause is ultimately too costly in blood, money
  and political capital to pursue
• Innocents often die in this kind of fighting, but
  that's what the insurgents want.

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http//news.bbc.co.uk/2/shared/spl/hi/in_depth/bag
hdad_navigator/

• Map - Violence

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Casualties

• http//icasualties.org/oif/
• http//www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/bushswar/
  
• http//www.pbs.org/newshour/indepth_coverage/middl
  e_east/iraq/honorroll/map_flash.html

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Iraqi Poll on War

• For each question, answer the following
• What information does this question provide
  Americans about Iraqi people?
• How have the numbers changed over time?

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• Review
• For
• Quiz

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• War on Terrorism
• September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks on United
  States blamed on Al Qaeda
• Al Qaeda
• terrorist network led by Osama bin Laden
• Mission wage holy war on enemies of Arabs and/or
  Muslims
• hates United States for involvement in Middle
  East, Desert Storm (Iraq), Israel
• was operating out of Afghanistan at the time of
  9/11

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• Afghanistan
• fought off invasion of the Soviet Union in 1980s
• Civil War followed amongst group trying to get
  control of the country
• Taliban takes control (OPPRESSIVE!!!!!!)
• Taliban allows Osama bin Laden to operate out of
  country
• Refuses to assist or turn him over after 9/11
• United States along with other countries remove
  Taliban from power and attempt to eliminate Al
  Qaeda activities there

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Current Situation in Afghanistan

• US Casualties

200452 200599 200698 2007110
200112 200248 200348

• Taliban and Al Qaeda have been removed from
  power, but still present in small pockets in the
  country.
• They want the US and International Peacekeepers
  to leave Afghanistan.
• Taliban-Al Qaeda alliance carries out suicide
  bombing and guerrilla-like attacks on our troops.

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War in Iraq

• Saddam Hussein was leader of Iraq from
  1979-2003
• Was not cooperating with UN Nuclear weapons
  inspections
• US led invasion of Iraq March 2003
• May 1, 2003 Invasion complete

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Current Situation in Iraq

• 138 Americans died during invasion
• 3,803 have died to date (Nov, 14)
• Civil War between Shiite and Sunnis wanting to
  get control
• Insurgent attacks target US led forces and Iraqi
  security forces seen as collaborators.

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Why not pull out????

• Send message to future enemies of the United
  States Americans do not have the will to wage a
  successful counterinsurgency.
• Bush administration's plan is to establish a
  large and competent-enough Iraqi force so that
  even if the insurgency has historical staying
  power, Iraqis can fight successful
  counterinsurgency.

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Religion of Islam

• Worlds second largest religion
• The Quran is the holy guide to Islam.
• Major aspects of the Islamic religion include
  testimony of faith, prayer, charity, fasting,
  pilgrimage.
• Covering is a religious duty. Women can only
  have their faces and hands showing in public.
  Men must not expose anything from navel to knee.

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Questions - Islam

• List and briefly describe Five Pillars of Islam.
• What are some of the rules that Muslims follow in
  their daily lives?
• List and briefly describe the different aspects
  of the roles of women in Islam

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Five Pillars of Islam

• Declaration of Faith no other gods
• Prayer brief prayer 5 times a day
• Charity give to poor and needy
• Fasting Ramadan
• Pilgrimage to Mecca travel to Saudi Arabia once
  in lifetime

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Daily Life of Muslims

• Prohibits things harmful to body (drugs,
  alcohol). Also, prohibits lying, stealing,
  cheating, etc.
• Clergy not above others
• Encourage sharing of their faith

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Women and Islam

• Marriage some arranged marriages, man takes
  financial responsibility
• Some polygamy - man must treat wives equally
• Family important, extended family included
• Public life educated, modesty should not
  affected
• Modesty covering varies from culture to
  culture
• Relationship between men and women no sexual
  exchanges outside of marriage

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• http//www.pbs.org/wgbh/globalconnections/mideast/
  questions/women/the_veil