First Aid:

1
First Aid

• Burns,
• Open Wounds
• and More

2
Terms to Know

• Burns
• Bruises
• Closed Wounds
• Open Wounds
• Abrasions
• Lacerations
• Punctures
• Avulsions

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Burns

• A special kind of soft tissue injury
• Classified by sources
• Heat
• Chemicals
• Electricity
• Radiation (including by the sun)

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Burns Classified by Depth

• Superficial ( 1st degree)
• Sunburn
• Partial ( 2nd degree)
• Hot water, stove
• Full thickness (3rd degree)
• Fire

5
Burn Treatment

• Check the scene
• Remove person from the source of burn
• Check for life-threatening conditions
• Cool burn with large amounts of cold running
  water

6
Call 911 if the burned person

• Has trouble breathing
• Has burns covering more than one body part or a
  large surface area
• Has burns to airway
• Burns to head, neck, hands, feet or genitals

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Donts for Burn Treatment

• Touch a burn with anything but a clean dressing
• Remove pieces of clothing attached to burn
• Break blisters
• Try to clean a severe burn
• Use any kind of ointment on a severe burn

8
Rescue 911

• Christmas Tree Fire
• http//www.youtube.com/watch?v6I4jUqd3jK0feature
  related
• Potpourri Fire
• http//www.youtube.com/watch?vK5cnwZzGaAk

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• Wounds

10
Soft Tissue Injuries

• Soft tissue includes the layer of skin, fat and
  muscle
• Cuts, scrapes and bruises called wounds.
• There are 2 types of wounds
• Closed
• Open

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Closed Wounds

• Example
• Simplest is a bruise.
• Could be more serious.
• Call 911 if
• A person complains of severe pain or cannot move
  a body part without pain
• You think the force that caused the injury was
  great enough to cause serious damage
• An injured extremity is blue or extremely pale

12
Bruises (aka Contusions)

• Causes
• When tiny blood vessels are damaged or broken as
  the result of a blow to the skin
• Can result from other injuries to area
• (ankle ligament sprain)

13
Closed Wound Treatment

• Apply ice for first 48-72 hours
• On and off in 20 minute increments
• Apply compression with ace wrap
• Provides
• -Support
• -Decreases swelling

14
Open Wounds Types

• Abrasions scrape, rug burn, a road rash or a
  strawberry

15

• Laceration a cut in the skin caused by a sharp
  object like a knife, scissors or broken glass.

16
Open Wounds

• Avulsions an injury in which a portion of the
  skin and sometimes other soft tissue is partially
  or completely torn away (amputation)

17

• Punctures a pointed object piercing the skin.
  A gunshot wound is also a puncture wound.

18
Minor Open Wound Treatment

• Use barrier between your hand and the wound
• Apply direct pressure for a few minutes to
  control the bleeding
• Wash the wound with soap and water
• If no allergies, apply antibiotic ointment
• Cover the wound with sterile bandages

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Minor Open Wound Treatment

• Bandages are used to
• Hold dressings in place
• Control bleeding
• Protect wounds
• Provide support to an injured limb or body part.

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Major Open Wound Treatment

• --Call 911
• Control bleeding
• Cover wound with dressing and press against
  wound.
• Apply a pressure bandage over dressing.
• If blood soaks through Do NOT remove bandage
• Add more bandage on top.
• Monitor the persons airway, breathing and
  circulation

21
When are stitches needed?

• Rule of thumb
• Stitches are needed when..
• edges of skin do not fall together
• the laceration involves the face
• when any wound is over
• ½ inch long

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Preventing Disease Transmission

• Follow these guidelines when giving 1st aid to
  help decrease risk of getting or transmitting an
  infectious disease
• - Avoid contact with blood other body fluids
• Use protective breathing barriers
• Use disposable gloves
• Do not touch anything soiled in blood

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Using Gloves

• Wash your hands with soap and water after giving
  care even if you are wearing gloves
• Tell EMS if you come in contact with blood
• Why do you think it is important to avoid contact
  with blood????

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Cleaning up a blood spill

• Clean up spill IMMEDIATELY after it occurs
• Use disposable gloves and other protective
  equipment
• Wipe up spill with paper towels or something else
  durable
• After the area has been wiped up use 1 ½ cups of
  liquid chlorine bleach 1 gallon of fresh water
  and let stand for 10 minutes
• Dispose in Biohazard container

25
Scenario 1

• Minor Wound Treatment
• Scrape, cut on wrist

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Partner Set Up

• Partner 1 Victim
• Partner 2 Set Up of treatment
• Partner First Responder

27

• Scenario 2
• Bee sting on palm of hand

28

• Scenario 3 Bruise to
  forearm

29
Rescue 911

• Window Cuts Boy Part 1
• http//www.youtube.com/watch?vzxoPX1gqyHc
• Window Cuts Boy Part 2
• http//www.youtube.com/watch?voL2PIiTKyB4
• Jagged Edge Rescue Part 1
• http//www.youtube.com/watch?vmvm0FZFfNsfeature
  results_videoplaynext1listPL0EC95EC6A90C30EB
• Jagged Edge Rescue Part 2
• http//www.youtube.com/watch?vD454zCQlWvQfeature
  related

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