Human Physiology Unit Six

1
Human Physiology Unit Six
2
Endocrine System
3
Glands
Exocrine glands are those that secrete their
products through ducts
Exocrine gland examples include sudoriferous
glands sebaceous glands lacrimal glands
pancreas salivary glands
4
Glands
Endocrine glands are those that are ductless and
secrete their products directly into the
bloodstream
Endocrine gland examples include pituitary
gland thyroid gland pancreas adrenal
glands
5
Glands
Some organs have exocrine and/or endocrine
functions liver (bile, angiotensinogen,
erythropoietin, calcitriol)
kidneys (renin, erythropoietin) skin (sweat,
sebum, calcitriol)
6
Hormones
Hormones are biological regulatory compounds
secreted by endocrine glands that alter the
metabolism of the body cells they target
Hormones function to chemically regulate body
metabolism, growth and reproduction
7
Lipid Based Hormone Action
8
Non-Lipid Based Hormone Action
9
Homeostatic Control of Hormone Secretion
10
See handout for hormones, their sources, target
cells, and actions
See handout for endocrine disorders, their cause
and symptoms
11
Gamete Formation
Remember mitosis occurs in all body cells
functions of mitosis are growth, repair
replacement mitosis begins with a diploid
cell and results in two identical diploid
daughter cells
12
Gamete Formation
2n
2n
2n
13
Gamete Formation

• Remember
• meiosis occurs only in sex cells of
• the gonads
• function of meiosis is gamete
• production
• meiosis begins with a diploid sex
• cell and results in four
• nonidentical haploid gametes

14
Gamete Formation
2n
n
n
n
n
15
Gamete Formation
The haploid gametes fuse in fertilization,
producing a diploid zygote
This process combines genes from both parents,
producing genetic diversity and variation
16
Gamete Formation
Spermatogenesis is the meiotic division that
takes place in the seminiferous tubules of testes
This process, as well as the production of
testosterone, is controlled hormonally
17
Spermatogenesis
18
Spermatogenesis
19
Gamete Formation
20
Gamete Formation
Sperm
Spermatids
Secondary spermatocyte
Primary spermatocyte
Spermatogonium
21
Gamete Formation
22
The Ovarian Cycle
Remember - one of the functions of the female
reproductive system is to provide a suitable
environment for the development of offspring
The purpose of the menstrual cycle is to carry
out this function
23
The Ovarian Cycle
24
The Ovarian Cycle
25
The Ovarian Cycle
26
(No Transcript)
27
(No Transcript)
28
Fertilization and Development
29
Fertilization and Development
30
Fertilization and Development
31
Fertilization and Development
32
Fertilization and Development