LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS PART II A

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LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS PART
II A PAKISTANS EARTHQUAKES
Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster
Reduction, Vienna, Virginia, USA 
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NATURAL DISASTERS FACED BY PAKISTAN
EARTHQUAKES
GOAL DISASTER RESILIENCE
CYCLONES
FLOODS
DEVELOP POLICIES FOR ACTIONS HAVING HIGH
BENEFIT/COST
LANDSLIDES
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS
GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE
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OCTOBER 8, 2005 PAKISTAN EARTHQUAKE
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KASHMIR EARTHQUAKE

• 850 AM OCTOBER 8, 2005
• M7.6
• 10 KM (6 MI) DEPTH
• 79,000 DEAD IN PAKISTAN 1,400 IN INDIA
• COLLAPSED SCHOOLS AND HOSPITALS
• 3 MILLION HOMELESS

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THE SEVERITY OF THE KASHMIR EARTHQUAKE DAMAGE
WAS RELATED TO ITS MAGNITUDE, SHALLOW DEPTH, SOIL
AMPLIFICATION, AND POOR BUILDING MATERIALS AND
CONSTRUCTION PRACTICES
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PAKISTAN COMMUNITIES
DATA BASES AND INFORMATION
HAZARDS GROUND SHAKING GROUND FAILURE
SURFACE FAULTING TECTONIC DEFORMATION TSUNAMI RUN
UP AFTERSHOCKS
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EARTHQUAKES

• EARTHQUAKES LIKE THE 2005 QUAKE OCCUR MAINLY AS
  A RESULT OF INTERACTIONS OF THE INDO-AUS-TRALIAN
  AND INDIAN (EURASIAN) PLATES

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OCCURRENCE

• The earthquake occurred in the Main Boundary
  Thrust Zone (MBTZ), which runs along the
  Himalayan Arc for about 2,500 km.
• The epicenter was near Muzaffarabad, the capital
  of Pakistani administered Kashmir.

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OUTLOOK FOR THE FUTURE

• Experts believe that the October 8th earthquake
  released only about 10 percent of the accumulated
  strain energy.

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TECTONIC PLATES
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COLLISION OF INDO-AUSTRALIAN AND EURASIAN PLATES
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LESSONS LEARNED FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE

• ALL NOTABLE EARTHQUAKES
• PREPAREDNESS PLANNING FOR THE INEVITABLE STRONG
  GROUND MOTION IS ESSENTIAL FOR COMMUNITY
  RESILIENCE.

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LESSONS LEARNED FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE

• ALL NOTABLE EARTHQUAKES
• PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS AND INFRASTRUCTURE IS
  ESSENTIAL FOR COMMUNITY RESILIENCE.

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GROUND SHAKING MAP
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CAUSES OF DAMAGE
INADEQUATE RESISTANCE TO HORIZONTAL GROUND SHAKING
SOIL AMPLIFICATION
PERMANENT DISPLACEMENT (SURFACE FAULTING GROUND
FAILURE)
IRREGULARITIES IN ELEVATION AND PLAN
EARTHQUAKES
TSUNAMI WAVE RUNUP
DISASTER LABORATORIES
POOR DETAILING AND WEAK CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS
FRAGILITY OF NON-STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS
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ISLAMABAD
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MUZARAFFABAD
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BALAKOT
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BALAKOT
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LESSONS LEARNED FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE

• ALL NOTABLE EARTHQUAKES
• PREPAREDNESS PLANNING FOR THE INEVITABLE GROUND
  FAILURE IS ESSENTIAL FOR COMMUNITY RESILIENCE.

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MUZAFFARABAD (LANDSLIDE)
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JAMMU, INDIA
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LESSONS LEARNED FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE

• ALL NOTABLE EARTHQUAKES
• CAPACITY FOR EMERGENCY RESPONSE IS ESSENTIAL FOR
  COMMUNITY RESILIENCE.

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ISLAMABAD
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ISLAMABAD
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MUZAFFARABAD
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MUZAFFARABAD
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LAHORE
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BALAKOT
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KASHMIR
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AFGHANISTAN
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MUZAFFARABAD FOOD LINE
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URI, INDIA
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URI, INDIA
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JABALA, INDIA
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RELIEF FROM USAID
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FOOD FROM CHINA
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FOOD DISTRIBUTION
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FOOD DISTRIBUTION
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KAMAL KOT, INDIA
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LESSONS LEARNED FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE

• ALL NOTABLE EARTHQUAKES
• CAPACITY FOR RECOVERY AND RECONSTRUCTION IS
  ESSENTIAL FOR COMMUNITY RESILIENCE.

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TO ACHIEVE EARTHQUAKE DISASTER RESILIENCE - - -

• ALL SECTORS OF THE COMMUNITY NEED TO HAVE A ROLE
  IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF POLICIES THAT WILL LEAD
  TO COMMUNITY EARTHQUAKE RESILIENCE.

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LONG-TERM NEEDS OF PAKISTAN

• NEED 2 TO 3 MILLION NEW DWELLINGS THAT ARE
  EARTHQUAKE RESILIENT.
• NEED NEW SCHOOLS THAT ARE EARTHQUAKE RESILIENT.
• NEED NEW HOSPITALS THAT ARE EARTHQUAKE
  RESILIENT.
• NEED NEW INFRASTRUCTURE THAT IS EARTHQUAKE
  RESILIENT.

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STEPS TOWARDS EARTHQUAKE RESILIENCE

• CONTINUOUS PUBLIC AWARENESS PROGRAMS
• EDUCATIONAL SURGES AND TRAINING FOR
  PROFESSIONALS
• EXPAND SEISMIC AND BUILDING MONITORING SYSTEMS
• EXPAND COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS

• MODERN BUILDING CODES FOR NEW BUILDINGS
• MODERN STANDARDS FOR NEW INFRASTRUCTURE
• STRENGTHENING AND RETROFIT OF EXISTING STRUCTURES
• EXPAND INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION

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STARTING POINTS

• IN-COUNTRY BASIC AND APPLIED RESEARCH
• LESSONS FROM THE OCTOBER 8, 2005 DISASTER

• GROUND SHAKING MAPS
• INFORMATION
• EDUCATIONAL SURGES AND TRAINING FOR COMMUNITY
  PROFESSIONALS