Respiratory System

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Respiratory System

• Functions
• To provide conducting passageways to allow oxygen
  to be used in the body to release energy
• Purifies, humidifies, and warms incoming air
• Filters out irritants from the air.

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Nasal Cavity (nose)

• Only visible part of the respiratory system
• Air enters through external nares (nostrils)
  divided by nasal septum
• Olfactory sensors located at the top near the
  bridge of the nose
• Mucus moved by ciliated cells that move in a
  wavelike motion toward the throat
• Sinuses lighten skull and act as resonance
  chambers to speech

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Larynx (voice box)

• Contains a pair of membrane form vocal folds
• Epiglottis when swallowing larynx moves up
  causing epiglottis to cover trachea
• Problem laryngitis inflammation of larynx
  (mucosa/vocal cords)

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Trachea (windpipe)

• Has a thick layer of cartilages that descends
  into the lungs
• Splits to form primary bronchi which lead into
  the lungs
• Bronchi ? broncioles ? alveoli
• Tracheostomy surgical procedure that provides
  an alternate route for air to enter the lungs

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Lungs

• Left has 2 lobes. Right has 3 lobes
• Left is smaller because heart is in the way
• Weights only 2.5 pounds
• NOT HOLLOW
• Diaphragm (what allows you to breath) large
  muscular sheet at base of lungs responsible for
  volume and pressure changes in lungs

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Bronchioles

• Bronchi split again and again (respiratory tree)
• All but smallest branches have reinforcing
  cartilage (respiratory bronchioles dont have
  cartilage)
• Heimlich maneuver used to force air through
  bronchioles and trachea to dislodge objects

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Alveoli

• Small air sacs, look like a bunch of grapes
  (alveolar sacs)
• Bunches connected by alveolar ducts
• Lots of capillaries
• Surface area 50-70 m2 40X greater than surface
  of skin

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