Main goals of CEEPS:

1
CENTRE FOR EAST EUROPEAN POLICY STUDIES (CEEPS)

• Main goals of CEEPS
• to contribute to Latvias foreign policy
  development, carrying out research in the sphere
  of East European countries policy, history and
  economy
• to develop cooperation with Latvian and foreign
  research institutes and the other organizations

2
Soft Power and Russias Compatriots Policy in
Post Soviet Area

• Joseph S. Nye about Soft Power
• Sources of Soft Power
• Instruments
• Concept Russian World as Soft Power project

3
Power in Global Information Age
Behaviors Primary Currencies Government Policies
Military Power coercion deterrence protection threats force coercive diplomacy war alliance
Economic Power inducement coercion payments sanctions aid bribes sanctions
Soft Power attraction agenda setting values culture policies institutions public diplomacy bilateral and multilateral diplomacy
4
Soft Power is

• ... the ability to shape the preferences of
  others
• ... the ability to attract, and attraction often
  leads to acquiescence
• ... the ability to get others to want the outcome
  you want because of your cultural or ideological
  appeal
• A country may abtain the outcomes it wants in
  world politics because other countries admiring
  values, emulating its example, aspiring to its
  level properity want to follow it
• ... a key element of leadership. The power to
  attract to get others to want what you want, to
  frame the issues, to set the agenda

5
Before Nye...

• The thinking behind the cocept of soft power can
  be traced even back more than 2,000 years.
• In ancient China, soft power was perceived
  stronger and more powerful than hard power, as
  suggested by proverbial wisdoms to use soft and
  gentle means to overcome the hard and strong
• Morgenthau (1967) identifies nine elements of
  national power, among which national character,
  national morale, the quality of diplomacy and the
  quality of government are closely associated with
  intangible sources of power, that is , soft
  power.

6
Sources of Soft Power

• Culture (in places where it is attractive to
  others)
• Political values (when it lives up to them at
  home and abroad)
• Foreign policies (when they are seen as
  legitimate and having moral authority)

7
Some examples

• The USSR placed great emphasis on demonstrating
  the superiority of its cultural and educational
  system, spending large sums on the arts.
• The Bolshoi and Kirov ballet companies and Soviet
  symphony orchestras attracted wide acclaim.
• USA Hollywood, democracy, freedom of religion,
  etc.
• Japan arts, restourants, Honda, Sony, etc.

8
The Nature of Soft Power

• Power dpends on context who relates to whom
  under what circumstances but soft power dpends
  more than hard power unpon the existence of a
  willing interpreter and receivers
• Soft power is context specific, taht is, a form
  of soft power is relevant to only one specific
  country or a specific group in that country
• Soft power, in general, in not controlled by the
  government or singl organisation. Soft power
  comes in various sources owned by non-state
  actors.
• Exceptions...

9
Tools

• Public Diplomacy
• N.G.O.
• Mass media

10
Russias Compatriots Policy

• Part of Humanitarian Trend of Foreign policy
• Institutions involved
• Law and programs
• Aims

11
Concept Russian World

• Authors ???? ???????????, ???? ??????????,
  ?????? ?????????, ??????? ?????? and others.
• Russian World as the idea of an integral
  element of contemporary civilization. Russias
  World has emerged as the idea tantamount to a
  cultural phenomenon which will unify all
  Russian-speaking people.
• One advantage attributed to this term is that it
  considered that it unites all the various eras
  without legal consequences ranging from waves of
  Russian-Nationals emigrating from Russia to a new
  life overseas, as well as the Russians who
  emerged overseas beyond Russias boundaries after
  1991

12
Russian World and Culture

• Culture as tool of Foreign policy (2007)
• The role of language
• Civilization and values
• Target group
• Aims

13
Actors and Tools

• Russkiy Mir Foundation
• N.G.O.s
• TV Channel Russian World

14
Problems

• Self cancelling effect
• Double standarts
• Lack of universal idea

15
Thank you!

• Centre for East European Policy Studies, Riga,
  Latvia
• andis.kudors_at_appc.lv