Objective 16.01

1
Objective 16.01

• Describe types of tree species in the United
  States as related to their significance in the
  forestry industry.

2
Hardwoods

• Deciduous Trees
• Oaks, Maple, or Walnut
• More expensive wood

3
Softwoods

• Have needles
• Have cones
• Also known as evergreens or conifers
• Dont loose their leaves

4
American Holly

• Also known as Christmas Holly
• Spiny wavy-edged, glossy, dark green leaves
• 15-40 feet high, 1-2 feet wide

5
Ash

• Used for
• Handles
• Baseball bats
• Resembles Oak
• Has a high resistance to shock

6
Beech

• Reach a height of 60 feet
• Leaves turn bronze or tan in the fall

7
Birch

• Used for furniture, plywood, paneling
• Made into veneer
• Has white bark

8
Black Cherry

• Also known as Wild Cherry
• Reach height of 60-100 feet
• Leaves are 2-6 inches long and ¾ - 1 ½ inches
  wide
• Edges are toothed

9
Black Gum

• Grows along swamp margins
• Alternate leaves, roughly oval with short, blunt
  points
• Turn scarlet in fall

10
Black Locust

• Also known as yellow locust
• Pinnately compound leaves made up of 7-19
  leaflets
• Twigs have spines

11
Black Oak

• Leaves have 5-7 lobes
• 50-80 feet tall

12
Black Walnut

• Black walnut leaves are alternate, pinnately
  compound
• 12 to 24 inches long, with 15 to 23 sharply oval,
  finely toothed, long-pointed leaflets 3 to 3 1/2
  inches long.
• Leaves turn a bright, clear yellow in autumn.

13
Chestnut Oak

• Chestnut oak leaves are 4 to 8 inches long.
• They are roughly oval but often are wider near
  the apex and are roughly round-toothed.
• Undersides of leaves often are hairy.

14
Cottonwood

• fastest-growing commercial forest species in
  North America,
• one of the tallest trees of eastern forests, 200
  feet tall
• diameters of 4 to 6 feet
• leaves are roughly triangular, toothed, pointed,
  3 to 6 inches long, 4 to 5 inches wide, paler
  below than above and have a flattened stem

15
Cypress

• found in deep swamps and on wet stream banks and
  wet bottomlands
• The leaves are 1/2 to 3/4 inches long and are
  arranged in featherlike fashion along two sides
  of small branchlets,

16
Dogwood

• It is a small tree, usually 10 to 20 feet tall
  and 4 to 6 inches in diameter
• leaves are opposite and 3 to 5 inches long.

17
Elm

• leaves are oval, and have a long, slightly curved
  point rough-textured and 4 to 6 inches long.
• Leaf margins are sharply toothed.

18
Hemlock

• flat round-tipped needles, 1/3 to 2/3 inches long
  
• marked on the lower surface with two pale lines
  (stomata).
• The pendant cones grow on short, slender stalks
  from the tips of branchlets, usually remaining on
  the tree until the following spring.

19
Hickory

• leaves are 8 to 12 inches long with five (rarely
  7) finely toothed, sharp-pointed, tapering
  leaflets. 
• The fruit is globular to pear-shaped, 1 1/2
  inches long and is enclosed in a thin husk that
  remains closed or opens only part way down the
  nut

20
Loblolly Pine

• Loblolly pine needles occur in clusters of three.
  They are slender and stiff, 6 to 9 inches long
  and pale green

21
Long Leaf Pine

• Longleaf pine has long, drooping, lustrous bright
  green needles. The needles are 8 to 15 inches
  long in three-leaf clusters found toward the ends
  of the stout branches.

22
Northern Red Oak

• Flooring, furniture, fencing
• Very strong wood
• leaves are 5 to 8 inches long and have seven to
  11 lobes.
• Each lobe usually is three-toothed,

23
Persimmon

• The broadly oblong, pointed leaves are 4 to 6
  inches long and 2 to inches wide.
• The leaf has a smooth margin and a broad, flat
  midrib, with small, conspicuous dark veins on the
  underside.

24
Post Oak

• Its leaves are 4 to 6 inches long and are deeply
  divided into five lobes the leaf has a cross-like
  appearance
• bark is rougher and darker than the white oak and
  is broken into much smaller scales

25
Red Cedar

• leaves average 1/16 inches in length and are
  opposite
• 40 to 50 feet tall

26
Red Maple

• Used to construct butcher blocks, workbench tops,
  flooring
• Red maple leaves are three- to five-lobed and
  have coarsely toothed margins

27
Redbud

• The leaves are alternate, heart-shaped,
  smooth-margined, 3 to 5 inches long and wide.
• They are glossy green, turning to a bright clear
  yellow in autumn.

28
Scarlet Oak

• Its leaves are 4 to 7 inches long and 3 to 5
  inches wide.
• They have five to nine pointed lobes

29
Shortleaf Pine

• Shortleaf pine needles are 3 to 5 inches long,
  slender, flexible, dark green
• grow in clusters of two or three

30
Sourwood

• It is a small tree, 8 to 12 inches in diameter
  and 30 to 40 feet
• leaves are 3 to 6 inches long, simple, alternate,
  very acidic to the taste

31
Southern Red Oak

• Two types of leaves
• irregularly shaped lobes that are mostly narrow
  and bristle tipped, with the central lobe often
  being the longest
• pear-shaped with three rounded lobes at the
  outer end.

32
Sweet Gum

• star-shaped leaves
• Prickly fruit

33
Sycamore

• multicolored, mottled bark
• most often is white
• leaves usually are three- to four-lobed

34
Tupelo Gum

• It inhabits only those deep river swamps or
  coastal swamps
• Leaves are oblong and long-pointed at the end, 5
  to 7 inches long and 2 to 4 inches wide

35
Virginia Pine

• needles are 11/2 to 3 inches long,
• They grow in bundles of two.
• 50 to 80 feet tall

36
Water Oak

• grows along the borders of swamps and streams
• leaves are small (2 to 4 inches long)
• three indistinct lobes
• Leaves often remain on the tree into early winter

37
White Oak

• Used for
• Structural timbers
• Flooring
• Fencing
• Pallets
• Nearly waterproof because its pores are plugged
  with membranes

38
White Pine

• Needles are 3 to 5 inches long.
• They grow in bundles of five and have 3 to 5
  white lines (stomata) on two surfaces of each
  needle

39
Willow Oak

• Also known as water oak or pin oak
• leaves are 2 to 5 inches long, narrow,
  smoothed-edged and tipped with bristle points

40
Yellow Poplar

• Also known as Tulip tree or Tulip Poplar
• Leaves have four large lobes

41
Southern Pine

• Includes loblolly, longleaf, shortleaf, and slash
  pine
• Most commonly used for pulpwood and plywood

42
Douglas Fir

• The most important tree species in the US
• Used for construction lumber and plywood

43
Frazier Fir

• Used for commercial Christmas tree production
• Grown in the North Carolina Mountains