Learning Objectives

1
Learning Objectives

• To understand behavioural explanations of phobias
• To evaluate behavioural explanations of phobias

What points can you add to this essay so far?
Describe and evaluate behavioural explanations
of phobias (10 marks)
2
Progress Measure

• Describe and evaluate behavioural explanations
  of phobias (10 marks)
• A01s?
• A02s?

3
Starter Little Albert
NS
AFTER
BEFORE
DURING
UCS
UCR
CR
CS
Use the info on the screen to summarise in your
notes how Little Albert was classically
conditioned to fear the white rat
4
Progress Measure

• Describe and evaluate behavioural explanations
  of phobias (10 marks)
• A01s?
• A02s?

5
Introduction Moving forward our understanding
through reflection

1. Generally someone is not stood behind you with a
   metal bar waiting to startle you! How can the
   concepts of classical conditioning be linked to
   the development of a phobia to spiders for
   example?
2. Mowrer (1947) proposes a two process theory
   whereby the learned phobia is maintained by
   operant conditioning how might this occur?

THINK, PAIR, SHARE
6
Progress Measure

• Describe and evaluate behavioural explanations
  of phobias (10 marks)
• A01s?
• A02s?

7
Main activity carousel and evaluation structuring

• You have several evaluation points at the bottom
  of your work-sheets
• You will have FOUR MINUTES per station to fill in
  the missing information and top and tail each
  piece of evidence with POINT and EXPLAIN
• For example..

8
P-E-E
How else might I explain??

• Evidence given there is lots of empirical
  support
• POINT A positive of the behaviourist explanation
  of phobias is
• EVIDENCE (as above)
• EXPLAIN this means that the area gains support
  from a wide range of scientific studies and this
  increases its plausibility

9
Main reflection sharing our learning
10
Empirical Evidence

• This is the evidence, you need to add the POINT
  and the EXPLANATION
• There is empirical evidence to support the theory
  that fears can be acquired by a conditioning
  process e.g. Little Albert and research in
  animals
• However, just because it can be demonstrated that
  some fears are acquired in this way doesnt mean
  all fears are acquired in the same way

11
Fear of Dogs

• This is the evidence, you need to add the POINT
  and the EXPLANATION
• Di Nardo (1988) found that over 60 of people
  with a fear of dogs could relate their phobia to
  a frightening incident with a dog,
• This offers some support for conditioning theory,
  however this does not account for those who could
  not recall such an incident
• A similar number in a control group (without a
  fear of dogs) reported a painful experience with
  a dog but did not develop a fear

12
Gradual fears

• This is the evidence, you need to add the POINT
  and the EXPLANATION
• Fears that develop gradually e.g. social phobias
  and cannot be traced back to a specific incident
  cannot be readily explained by behaviourists

13
No direct contact

• This is the evidence, you need to add the POINT
  and the EXPLANATION
• Fears sometimes occur when there has been no
  direct contact with the fear stimulus

14
Research in children

• This is the evidence, you need to add the POINT
  and the EXPLANATION
• Little Albert has shown that fear can be induced
  in children by the numbers are small and findings
  inconsistent, attempts to replicate Watson and
  Rayners study have been unsuccessful

15
Plenary placemats

• Reviewing our learning.
• HOMEWORK revision for your mock examinations
  12th / 13th March only ONE WEEK AWAY. I will be
  examining evidence of revision on THURSDAY 8th
  MARCH just reading it is not revision
  detailed mind maps, examination questions,
  condensing of notes, index cards