Sigmund Freud - 1857-1959

1
Famous Psychologists
List 3 famous psychologists. Can you?
OUCH! That whole spike through the head thing was
nasty! Honk!Honk! Geese imprinting! I want my
fuzzy mommy!! Im not a favorite of Albert, but
then my hair is white fuzzy! Watch out Bobo!
Theres a guy with a hammer! This theory is
shocking! Loved the book Peter the Rabbit
2
Sigmund Freud - 1857-1959
Main pointsgtPsychodynamic Theory Experiences in
early childhood influence later development.
Assumes sexual factors are major factors, even in
early childhood.
Key words Psychodynamic psychosexual libido
oral stage anal stage phallic stage latency
stage genital stage id ego super-ego Electra
complex Oedipal complex conscious unconscious
psychoanalysis
Nature
Nurture
3
Carl Jung

• Conscious Ego
• (Perceptions, Memories, Thoughts, Feelings)
• Personal Unconscious and Complexes
• Collective Unconscious and Archetypes
• (Persona--Shadow, Anima--Animus)
• Attitudes
• (Introversion--Extraverson)
• Functions
• (Intuition--Sensation,Thinking--Feeling)

1875-1961
Nature
Nurture
4
Lev Vygotsky - 1896-1934
Main points Development driven by language,
social context and adult guidance.
Key wordsgtZPD Zone of proximal development zone
of actual development social constructivist
social constructivism social interaction
language internalisation play social context
cognition constructivism
Nature
Nurture
5
Erik Erikson - 1902-1994
Main points Psychosocial Theory Develops beyond
Freuds ideas. More stages (8) influence of
environmental factors.
Key words Psychodynamic psychosexual
psychosocial 8 development stages identity
crises/dilemmas
Nature
Nurture
6
B.F.Skinner - 1904-1990
Main points Operant Conditioning Reinforcement
and punishment shapes behavior. Children are
conditioned by their experiences.
Key words Operant conditioning positive/negative
reinforcement consequence reward punishment
respondents operants social learning theory
Behaviorism
Nature
Nurture
7
Alfred Bandura - 1925-current
Main pointsgt Social Learning Theory Learning
takes place by imitation. This differs from
Skinners conditioning because there is more
emphasis on inner motivational factors.
Key words Imitation copying modelling role
models reinforcement social learning theory
observational theory (social cognitive theory)
Bobo doll experiment.
Nature
Nurture
8
Jean Piaget - 1896-1980
Main points Development takes place in distinct
stages of cognitive development. Adults influence
but the child is building their own thinking
systems.
Key words Cognitive learning theory assimilate
symbolism accomodation egocentric decentre
conservatism active learners schemata
sensory-motor stages pre-operational animism
moral realism concrete operations formal
operations
Nature
Nurture
9
Elton Mayo

• Mayo directed the famous studies at the Hawthorne
  Plant of the Western Electric Company.
• Hawthorne Effect gt Confounding Variables

1880-1949
founder of the Human Relations Movement
Nature
Nurture