The Italian Renaissance

1
The Italian Renaissance

• Art As a Window to the Past

2
Introduction

• What is this thing we call the Italian
  renaissance?
• When did it occur?
• Why is it important that we understand it?

3
Basic Questions

• Who?
• What?
• When?
• Where?

4
Who?
Benozzo Gozzoli, The Procession of the Magi,
Riccardi Medici Palace, Florence
5
The Medici
Piero and Cosimo dMedici and Young
Lorenzo? Members of their Household
6
The Painter
Benozzo Gozzoli (1420-1497)
7
Princes, Diplomats, Writers
Niccolo Machiavelli (1469-1527)
Federico da Montefeltre (1444-1482)
Baldassare Castiglione (1478-1529)
8
The Artists
Lorenzo Ghiberti (1378-1455)
Rafaello Sanzio (1483-1520)
Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519)
Michelangelo Buonarotti (1475-1564)
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What?

• Court Life
• Trade
• Church Politics
• The Humanists Proposals

10
When?

• Charles VIII (France)
• invades Italy Charles V (HRE)
• sacks Rome
• The Prince
• 1508 1513 1517 1527
  1534
• 
  Pico della Mirandola Luthers 95
  Theses Last
• set to defend 900 theses
  Judgment
• Pope Julius II commissions
  begun
• Michelangelo to paint
• SistineChapel ceiling

Competition for Baptistry doors announced by wool
merchants guild
Fall of Constantinople End of 100 Years War
1374
1401
1436
1453
1487
1494
Petrarch and Boccaccio die
Brunelleschis Dome complete
11
Where?
12
Why Is It Important?

• 1860 Jacob Burckhardts Answer
• The birth of fully conscious individual man
• Peter Burkes Rebuttal the Renaissance is a myth

Modernity
Religion
Trade
Power
Classics
Education
Art
Texts
13
What We Learn From Art

• Developments
• Material - Tempera vs Oil
• Method The Impact of Perspective
• The Politics of Patronage Fresco vs Marble
• Significance
• Renaissance artists are able to render a world
  that we recognize
• How do we interpret that world?

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A World Where Perspective Is All
Tomaso Masaccio Trinity , Santa Maria Novella
1425-28
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Pietro Perugino, Christ Handing the Keys to St.
Peter, Sistine Chapel Wall, 1482
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Later Perspective
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A World of Change over Time
Davids
Michelangelo, 1504
Donatello, 1409 and 1430
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Details
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Last Suppers
Domenico Ghirlandaio, San Marco Convento, 1486
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Restored Refectory of Santa Maria delle Grazie,
Milan
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Last Supper, Leonardo da Vinci, 1498
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A World of Individuals - Portraits
La Gioconda by Leonardo
Giuliano de' Medici by Botticelli
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Condottiere
Antonello de Messine (1430-1479)
Giovanni Bellini (1430?-1516)
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The Beginning Baptistry Doors

• The wool merchants guild
• The competition
• The significance of the octagonal shape

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The Gates of Paradise
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Lorenzo Ghiberti (1378-1455)
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Competition Panels
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Early Contributors to Renaissance Style

• Masaccio (1401-1428)
• Filippo Brunelleschi (1377-1446)
• Donatello (1386-1466)

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Masaccio (Tomasso Cassai)
Brancacci Chapel, Florence 1426-28
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Brancacci Chapel, Florence 1426-28
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Details of St. Peters Life
Healing the Sick with his Shadow
Raising of the Son of Theophilus
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A Tax Fight In Florence ?
Masaccio, The Tribute Money, 1426-27
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Brunelleschis Dome The Competition He Won in
1418
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The Foundling Hospital, 1419-1424
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Donatello
Equestrian Statue of Gattamelata, Padua 1447-50
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Albertis Palazzo Rucellai
http//www.bluffton.edu/sullivanm/rucellai/rucell
ai.html
37
Architectural Features
Albertis invented capital
Tuscan capital
38
Piero della Francescas Resurrection
39
Michelangelos Sculptures

• Pieta
• Moses
  Pieta (1550)

40
Details
41
Colors of Michelangelos Painting
Doni Tondo (The Holy Family)
42
The Sistine Chapel
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Ceiling 1508 - 1512
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Creation of Plants, Sun and Moon
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Creation of Adam
46
Creation of Eve
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Temptation and Expulsion
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The Flood
49
Prophets and Sibyls
Prophet Zechariah
Prophet Ezekiel
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Prophets and Sibyls
The Libyan Sibyl
The Delphic Sibyl
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Spandrels and Medallions
The Parents of Jesse
The Murder of Uriah
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Altar Wall 1535 - 1541
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The Inspiration? Orvietos San Brisio Chapel
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The Damned
Luca Signorelli, San Brizio Chapel, 1499-1502
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The Devils in the Details
56
Details from Michelangelos Last Judgement
Portrait of an Enemy
Portrait of the Artist
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The Side Walls for Homework
http//www.christusrex.org/www1/sistine/0-Tour.htm
l
58
Botticelli Themes in Art
Pagan
Religious

• Sandro Botticelli, The Birth of Venus 1482
• Sandro Botticelli, The Adoration of the Magi,
  1475

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The Birth of Venus 1482
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Primavera 1477-1478
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Adoration of the Magi 1470-75
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Details from the Adoration

• Lorenzo de Medici Sandro Botticelli

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Summary The Italian Renaissance is a time
period in which we see

• A rebirth of interest in the ideas, culture and
  artistic techniques of the ancient Greeks and
  Romans
• A continuity of Christian religious belief
• Something entirely new

64

Raphael, The School of Athens, 1510-11 Vatican,
Stanza della Segnatura