Professional%20Issues.%20Artificial%20Intelligence.

1
Professional Issues. Artificial Intelligence.

• Blay Whitby

2
Professional Issues. Artificial Intelligence.

• What is AI? (no clear answers)
• A brief history of AI
•   The social/technological split
•   AI as technology
•   The Social Implications of AI
•   The Moral Implications of AI

3
A brief history of AI.

• 3 Paradigms
• 1.GOFAI.
• 2.Neural Nets
• 3. Situated Robotics

4
A brief history of AI.

• 3 Paradigms
• 1.GOFAI.
• The route to intelligence was seen as
  manipulation of explicit symbolic knowledge.
• (NB. This stuffs works and is in use now)

5
A brief history of AI.

• 3 Paradigms
• 2. Neural Computing.
• ANNs
• PDP
• The route to intelligence was seen as through
  programs that (loosely) imitate neural behaviour.
• (NB. This stuffs works and is in use now)

6
A brief history of AI.

• 3 Paradigms
• 2. Situated Robotics .
• The route to intelligence was seen as building
  real physical systems situated in real
  environments.
• (NB. This stuffs works (a bit) and may be in use
  now)

7
A brief history of AI.

• In spite of a wealth of technological successes
  there is no sign of
• 1) Animal-level intelligence (and that includes
  insects).
• 2) Machines with common sense or general
  knowledge.
• 3) Robots taking over the world.

8
The Social/Technological division

• (This is very interesting in the case of AI)
• What sort of technology is likely to be in use in
  the next 10, 50, 100 years?
•  
• What will be the social implications of this - if
  any?

9
Artificial Intelligence as a technology.

• What, exactly, can we expect?
• Unlikely to be a single, simple breakthrough.
•   Creeping AI'-
• Smarter' machinery of all sorts.
• Better (more human-like?) interfaces.
• 'Knowledge technology.
• Influence of AI ideas on other fields. 

10
The social implications of AI.

• (obviously all computing social implications
  apply)
•   Human Control
• AI must (at the very least) make us consider
  non-human agents of various sorts. We need to
  debate where this is acceptable and where not.
• There are many implications of this-
• Legal status of AI systems
• Legal use of AI system
• Moral status of AI systems
• It all depends on what we consider to be the
  proper human role. Note This is a human question,
  not a technical one. 

11
The moral implications of AI.

• Does ascribing intelligence involve a moral
  judgement?
• Could a machine ever make a moral judgement or
  decision?
• Could a machine ever make a legal judgement or
  decision?
• Could a machine advise in legal or moral cases?
• Could an intelligent machine ever have moral
  rights?
• Is AI dehumanising?
• Do people do AI because they are dehumanized?