10/28 Focus

1

• 10/28 Focus
• Conflicts during the Warring States Period at the
  end of the Zhou Dynasty led many people to
  question the nature of society and peoples role
  in it.
• The effort to make sense of the chaos led to the
  creation of new Chinese philosophies
• Do Now
• Describe one effect that the Silk Roads had on
  ancient China

2
Major Philosophies of China

• Confucianism
• Legalism
• Taoism

3
The Warring States Period

• Warfare broke out between nobles at the end of
  Zhou dynasty
• Led to period of upheaval and chaos
• People began to think about the best way to
  restore
• Social order
• Harmony
• Respect for authority

4
Confucius

• 551 BC- 479 BC
• Known as Kongfuzi
• Chinese teacher and philosopher
• Philosopher
• A person who offers theories or ideas on big
  questions
• Developed a theory of how to establish stability
  in China

5
Confucianism

• Confucius believed that
• People are naturally good
• People should treat each other humanely
• Importance of education in creating good, stable
  government
• Need for educated civil servants
• Individual must find and accept their proper
  place in society

6
Confucianism

• Believed society should be organized around five
  basic relationships
• Ruler -----Subject
• Father-----Son
• Husband----Wife
• Older Brother----Younger Brother
• Friend----Friend

7
The Five Relationship
8
The Five Relationships

• Example
• Rulers should practice kindness and virtuous
  living
• Subjects should be loyal and law abiding
• Stressed importance of
• Family
• Filial Piety
• Children should respect their parents and elders
• Worship ancestors
• Patriarchal society
• Education

9
Major Principles of Confucianism

• Li --gt Rite, rules, how you should act in a
  community
• Ren --gt humaneness for others helping others
• Shu --gt Reciprocity, empathy
• Do not do unto others what you would not want
  others to do unto you.
• Yi --gt Righteousness and morality
• Xiao --gt Filial Piety (Respect your parents and
  elders)

10
The Analects

• Book containing Confucius thoughts on how to
  improve society
• Became the basis for Chinese civil service exams
  and bureaucracy
• Government workers

11
Confucian Temple Complex
12
Significance of Confucianism

• Cornerstone of Chinese tradition and culture
• Adopted by most Chinese
• preserved patriarchal society
• Spread to areas that were under Chinas control
  or influence
• Korea and Vietnam

13
Closure

• What is Filial Piety?
• What impact did Confucianism have on China?

14
Filial Piety

• The Master i.e. Confucius said, In serving his
  parents the filial son is as reverent as possible
  to them while they are living. In taking care of
  them he does so with all possible joy when they
  are sick he is extremely anxious about them when
  he buries them he is stricken with grief when he
  sacrifices to them he does so with the utmost
  solemnity. These five duties being discharged
  in full measure, then he has been able truly to
  serve his parents.

15

• 10/30 Focus
• The Qin adopted the philosophy of legalism and
  used it to maintain strict control of the Chinese
  population
• Lao Tzu encouraged people to seek a balance with
  nature by following the Taoist philosophy
• Do Now
• Filial Piety was one of Confuciuss main
  teachings . What is filial piety?

16
Legalism

• Founded by Han Feizi
• Lived during the Warring States period
• Became the political philosophy of the Qin
  Dynasty

17
Principles of Legalism

• Human nature is naturally selfish humans are by
  nature evil
• Rulers needed to be strong and govern through
  force
• Laws must be strict and based on rewards and
  punishments to maintain order
• Supported harsh penalties
• Branding and mutilation for minor crimes

18
Principles of Legalism

• Placed little value on education
• should be controlled by government
• Ideas needed to be strictly controlled
• Rulers should burn all writings that are critical
  of the government
• War is needed to strengthen the rulers power

19
Daoism

• Founded by Lao Zi
• Began during the Warring States Period
• Stressed importance of balance in nature
• Yin
• Yang

20
The Universe of Opposites
Yin
Masculine Active Light Warmth Strong
Heaven Sun
Feminine Passive Darkness Cold Weak Earth
Moon
Yang
21
Daoism

• The Way
• The Tao
• A universal life force that is present in nature
• Guides all things
• Human understanding of nature and harmony
  achieved by following the way

22
Daoism

• Believed that education and politics are not
  necessary for harmony
• Natural flow of events would solve problems
• Rely on senses and instincts
• Stressed importance of individuals and less
  government

23
(No Transcript)
24
The Question
How do we best achieve social order and
harmony in society??
Confucianism --gt Moral order in society.
Legalism --gt Rule by harsh law order.
Daoism --gt Freedom for individuals and
less govt. to avoid
uniformity and conformity.
25
Closure

• How was Legalism used by the Qin to control the
  people of China?
• What role does balance play in the Daoist
  teachings?

26

• 10/31 Focus
• Chinas river valley civilizations laid the
  foundations of Chinese culture. Important Chinese
  philosophies , Confucianism, legalism, and Taoism
  developed.
• Do Now
• Identify one difference between legalism and
  Confucianism

27
China Review

• What are two natural barriers that influenced the
  development of civilization in China?
• Identify one effect these barriers had on China

28
China Review

• What is this structure
• What does it tell us about the Chinese view of
  the outside world?

29
China Review

• What trade route is shown in this map?
• What impact did it have on China?

30
China Review
31
China Review

• Explain the process that is shown in this image?

32
China Review
Zhou Dynasty
Shang Dynasty
Qin Dynasty
Han Dynasty
Warring States Period
33
China Review
Confucius
Han Feizi
The Way
The Han Feizi
Lao Tzu
Filial Piety
The Analects
The Way of Virtue
Seek a balance with nature
Developed during warring states period
Placed high value on education rather than
punishment
The Five Relationships
Harsh penalties for breaking laws
Ways to establish order in society
Strict control of education and free thinking
Placed little value on education