FLASHBACK

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FLASHBACK

1. What are the four organic compounds that we will
   be talking about today?
2. What elements from the Periodic Table do they all
   have in common?

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FLASKBACK

1. Which elements are present in carbohydrates?
2. Which elements are present in nucleic acids?

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• 1. Which of the following is NOT a type of
  protein?
• A. hemoglobin
• B. collagen
• C. enzymes
• D. insulin
• E. all of these are proteins

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FLASHBACK

1. List at least 3 examples of foods that contain
   proteins?
2. What are nucleic acids?

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FLASHBACK

• Cellulose differs from glycogen in that
• A. The monomers of cellulose are held together by
  covalent bonds, whereas the monomers of glycogen
  are held together by hydrogen bonds.
• B. glycogen is formed by plants and cellulose by
  animals
• C. cellulose is formed by plants and glycogen by
  animals
• D. they are the same

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• Write a paragraph explaining what the class
  expectations are upon entering the room.

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• 1. The cell wall of a plant cell is MOSTLY made
  up of these molecules
• A. Carbohydrates B. Proteins
• C. Lipids D. Nucleic Acids
• 2. A carbohydrate with two monomers is called a
• A.double monomer C. polysaccharide
• B. disaccharide D. glucose

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ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
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Organic Compounds
Organic Compounds Compounds that contain carbon
and make up living organisms Carbon is the
backbone of life!!!
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CARBON
Why is carbon the backbone of life? Why is it
special?

1. Carbon has 4 electrons in its outer shell. To
   satisfy the octet rule, it needs to share 4 other
   electrons.
2. This means that each carbon atom forms 4 bonds

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Three Types Of Carbon Molecules

1. Straight Chain

2. Ring
3. Branched Chain
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Macromolecule
Large molecules that make up living things. They
are large chains of smaller molecules. It means
giant molecule.
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Monomers
All macro organic molecules are made up of
smaller subunits called monomers. This is just
the base unit that repeats over and again. The
monomers can be identical or different.
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Polymers
Organic macromolecules are made up of repeating
monomers.These chains of monomers are called
polymers.
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4 Groups of Organic Compounds

1. Carbohydrates
2. Proteins
3. Lipids
4. Nucleic Acids

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Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates are composed of C, H, and
O. Ratio 1C2H1O Function 1. Main source
of energy. 2. Plants and some animals use it
for structural purposes.
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Carbohydrates

• Carbohydrates are made up of monomers called
• monosaccharides.
• Examples of monosaccrharides
• glucose plant produce during photosynthesis
• Galactose found in milk and diary
• Fructose sugar in many fruits

GLUCOSE!
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Fructose
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Carbohydrates
Two monomers of monosaccharides together
are called disaccharides. Sucrose is a examples
of a disaccharide.
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MALTOSE
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Carbohydrates

• A polysaccharide is a long chain of
  monosacchrides
• Joined together.
• Examples of polysacchrides
• glycogenstored energy
• Starch plant stored energy
• Cellulose cell walls

STARCH!!!
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Look at the difference between these two. Think
about how Plants use cellulose and animals use
starch. They are shaped this way because of
their use. Cellulose straight chains
Starch Branched.
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Lipids

• DEFINE Large groups of organic compounds not
  soluble in water.
• Mostly made up of C and H with very little O.
• Functions
• Store energy for long term.
• Waterproof covering

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4 main categories of Lipids

1. Fats
2. Oils
3. Waxes
4. steroids

FAT!!!
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Lipids
Monomer FATTY ACID Polymer TRIGLYCERIDE Structu
re of a lipid Glyercol molecule combines with
fatty acids. The Different fatty acids
determine the type of lipid.
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Lipids
Lipids are made up of carbon, hydrogen, and
oxygen and very little nitrogen.
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Lipids
All lipids are not soluble in water. That is
why they are placed together.
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Lipids
Saturated vs. Unsaturated Saturated means that
all the carbon bonds are taken. They are solid
at room temperature and bad for you.
Unsaturated means that there is at least one
double bond with the carbon. They are liquid at
room temp. and are better for you.
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Which ones are Saturated??
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Proteins
Any of a large group of nitrogen containing
organic compounds that are essential part cells
consist of polymers of amino acids essential in
the diet of animals for growth and for repair of
tissues can be obtained from meat and eggs and
milk and legumes "a diet high in protein.
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Proteins

• Macromolecules that contain N, C, O and H.
• Functions
• Rate of cell processes.
• Cellular structures
• Controls substances in and out of cell.
• Fight disease.

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Examples of Proteins

1. Hemoglobin in blood
2. Collagen
3. Enzymes
4. insulin

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Proteins and Amino acid formation

• Proteins are made up of monomers of amino acids
  help together by peptide bonds.
• 3 parts of an amino acid
• Amino group
• Carboxyl group
• R group

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Proteins(examples of R-Groups)
There are 20 different amino acids found in
nature.Different proteins are determined by the
type of amino acids connected together. All
amino acids are the same except for the R-group.
The R-group gives the amino acids different
properties.
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R Group
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The R Group(functional group)
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Proteins(structure)
Long chains of amino acids are connected by
peptide bonds which are called polypeptides.
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Nucleic acid
Any of various macromolecules composed of
nucleotide chains that are vital constituents
of all living cells.
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Nucleic acids
Macromolecules containing H, N, C, O and P. Made
up of monomers of nucleotides.
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Nucleotides

• 3 parts of a nucleotide
• Phosphate
• Deoxyribose sugar
• Nitrogen base

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Function of a Nucleic Acids

1. Carry genetic material
2. Carries codes to make proteins

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2 Examples of Nucleic Acids

1. RNA ribonucleic acids
2. DNA deoxyribonucleic acid

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Function of DNA

1. Carry codes to make proteins.
2. Carry genetics code(genes).

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Function of RNA
1. Function of RNA is to make proteins from the
code DNA carries.
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