Earth Forces

1
EARTHQUAKES
2
EARTHQUAKES

• By the end of the lesson I will know
• How and why earthquakes occur.
• The key terms linked to earthquakes.
• How earthquakes are measured and what the
  different strengths mean.

3
EARTHQUAKES!

• Take a new page and write the title Earthquakes
  and put the date in the margin.
• In the middle of the page write the word
  earthquake and put a circle around it.

4
Earthquake
5
Earthquake clips

• Earthquake clip 1
• (in Earth Forces video file)

6
Earthquake
7
Earthquake survival.

• Part 1
• What do you do when an earthquake strikes?
• (1) Run outside away from the building you are
  in.
• (2) Get under the nearest table.
• (3) Stand under the nearest doorway.

8
Earthquake Clip

• Earthquake clip
• What do you do when an earthquake strike?

9
Earthquake survival.

• Part 2
• Earthquake survival pack.
• What 6 items are you going to take with you and
  why?
• Make sure you write this in your jotter.

10
Earthquake survival.
Extension Task

• Part 3
• You are going to create the Jordanhill high
  school earthquake survival guide.
• It must have 5 clear steps. Discuss at your table
  what you would do during an earthquake and when
  it has finished.

11
Earth Forces True or False?

1. The hottest part of the earth is the Mantle?
2. The coolest part of the earth is the crust?
3. South America and Africa were once joined
   together?
4. The U.K once had volcanic activity?
5. It is likely that the U.K will have an
   earthquake in the next 100 years?
6. The earths core is solid?
7. Some of the worlds islands are made up entirely
   from volcanic rock?
8. There are over 500 volcanoes in the world?
9. The Haiti earthquake was the biggest ever in
   recorded history?
10. The earth was created by the big bang?

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Why do earthquakes occur?
13
Why do earthquakes happen?
Shockwaves, pressure, earth, shake, focus,
epicentre, plates

• Why do earthquakes happen?
•  
• Stage 1 Two of the crusts ___________ rub
  against each other and stick in one place.
  __________ _builds up as they try and move past
  each other.
•  
• Stage 2 Suddenly, the pressure is too much and
  the plates jerk past each other. The place where
  this happens is called the ______________.
•  
• Stage 3 Vibrations go out in all directions
  through the rocks. These vibrations are called
  ______________.
•  
• Stage 4 When the shock waves reach the surface
  of the _____________ they cause the ground to
  ______________. The most violent shaking is
  directly above the focus at a point on the Earths
  surface called the __________________.

plates
Pressure
focus
shockwaves
Earth
shake
epicentre
14
Measuring and recording earthquakes.
Measuring and recording earthquakes.
Seismometer
Seismograph
15
Measuring and recording earthquakes.
Measuring and recording earthquakes.

• The Richter scale
• 1 Only felt by recording instruments.
• 2 Felt by a few people especially in tall
  buildings
• 3 Felt indoors, like a truck passing by
• 4 Felt by most, windows shake, objects fall
  over/break
• 5 Damage to weaker buildings
• 6 Walls, monuments, chimneys, bookcases fall.
• 7 Mostly all structures damaged, ground cracks,
  landslides are caused.
• 8 The ground moves like a wave, buildings fall,
  massive damage.

16
http//www.matter.org.uk/schools/content/seismolog
y/richterscale.html
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Can you guess the strength of these earthquakes?
4.9 - 5.4
Magnitude?
18
7.0 7.3
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5.5 6.1
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Over 8.1
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Key word Bingo! What you need to do!


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Key word Bingo!
Core
Volcano
Earthquake
Mantle
Lava
Plates
The Big Bang
The Crust
Ring of Fire
Eruption
Active
Arthur Seat
Oceanic
Dormant
Mid Atlantic Ridge
African Rift Valley
Chile
Haiti