The Long Hot Summer of 1914

1
The Long Hot Summer of 1914

• Immediate Causes that blew the Powder Keg of
  Europe

2
Hidden Agendas

• Britain?
• France?
• Russia?
• Serbia?

• Germany?
• Austria-Hungary?
• Italy?
• Ottoman Empire?
• All the Rest

3
By 1914

• Liberalism and Nationalism are weakening Ger and
  AH
• Serbia wants new country Greater Serbia
• Serbian terrorists and extremist groups gearing
  up The Black Hand.

4
JUNE, 1914
5
AHs Goodwill Tour to Sarajevo June 28, 1914

• Emperor Franz Joseph sends his heir Archduke
  Franz Ferdinand and family
• Assassinated by Bosnian teen Gavrilo Princip.
  Suspected member of the Black Hand.
• AH believes Serbian govt behind it
• AH sends help message to Ger

6
JULY 1914

• ITS GETTING HOTTER.

7
July 5, 1914

• Ger gives unlimited backing to AH because they
  believe that the Serbs will back down to a Triple
  Alliance threat.
• AH thinks that they are getting a Blank Check
  from Ger. So.

8
July 19 Ultimatum

• AH to Serbs 10 Demands including
• Stop all anti-AH activities and propaganda
• Dissolve the Black Hand and give over the alleged
  assassin
• Let AH military into Serbia to see 1 2 done
• Answer within 48 hours or else

9
July 25 Serbian Response

• Ok to 1 2
• No way to 3
• MEANWHILE
• Serbs ask Rus for Help!!!
• Rus says OK

10
AlertAlert

• Russian Hidden Agenda
• Afraid to lose face with Euro powers
• Counted on Triple Entente support
• Mobilized on Ger/AHs Eastern Borders to
  intimidate...

11
July 25-July 28

• Br Sir Edward Grey puts pressure on Fr, Ger, Itl,
  to cooperate and get AH and Rus to stop
  mobilization
• Attempts at negotiation for a peaceful
  settlement
• Failed! Oh No!!!

12
July 28, 1914

• AH declares war on Serbia and Rus

13
AlertAlert

• German Hidden Agenda
• Does not want to fight on 2 fronts. So last
  appeal to Fr and Rus to settle
• They refuse
• Schlieffen Plan goes into effect

14
Schlieffen Plan

• Knock out Fr immediately by marching through
  neutral Belgium. Head for Paris (Fr capital) and
  then control all of Fr.

15
August 1914

• Explosion

16
WAR

• Aug 1 Ger declares war on Russia
• Aug 2 Ger ultimatum to Belgium Let through or
  we take you over
• Aug 3 Ger declares war on France

17
Britains Hidden Agenda

• Angered at Ger violation of Belgiums neutrality
• Worried about Ger blockade
• Aug 4
• Br declares war on Ger

18
NEUTRAL COUNTRIES

• Italy
• Spain
• Netherlands
• Switzerland
• Albania

• Luxembourg
• Denmark
• Sweden
• Norway
• US

19
ALLIES

• France
• Britain
• Russia
• Serbia
• Belgium

20
Allies

• By the end of 1914 Japan
• By 1915 Italy (promised some of AH) and Bulgaria
• By 1917 China, US, and 31 more countries
• TOTAL WAR

21
CENTRAL POWERS

• Germany
• Austria-Hungary
• Ottoman Empire
• Bulgaria (Until 1915)