What Are We Learning Today?

1
What Are We Learning Today?

• 2.9 Evaluate ideological systems that rejected
  principles of liberalism.

2
Why Would a Country Reject Liberalism?

• There are multiple reasons that countries have
  varied the extent to which they have adopted the
  principles of Classical Liberalism.
• These include cultural, historical, and spiritual
  considerations.
• Text pg 166

3
If YOU were to reject liberalism, how would YOU
do it?
4
Group Questions

• 1. Do you feel that things were better in the far
  past (reactionary), or do we need a new world
  order (radical)?
• 2. Are people all equal, or do we have inherent
  classes via ability and purpose?
• 3. Should a person work to get ahead, or solely
  for the greater good?
• 4. How will you organize employment?
• 5. How will you organize societal structure
  (gender roles, etc)?
• 6. How will you organize your government?

• 7. What are the three top required qualities for
  your leader(S)?
• 8. How will you create laws?
• 9. How will you enforce laws?
• 10. How will you ensure compliance?
• 11. What will you do to address
  dissenters/critics?
• 12. What will you do if a government policy or
  initiative is seen negatively, or doesnt work?
• 13. Who will have information in your society?
• 14. How will you educate, if at all?
• 15. What are your policies on ownership?

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Bloody Sunday

• Pg. 164-165 Figure 5-2

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• Youtube Bloody Sunday, 1905 (346)
  http//www.youtube.com/watch?vMgOLaRInUog
• Doctor Zhivago Bloody Sunday Shootings (346)
  http//www.youtube.com/watch?v0q_dS4nIqc0

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Two Most Influential Ideologies To Reject
Liberalism

• COMMUNISM
• https//www.youtube.com/watch?vhH5atzhoyQ4
• (DevinWarzone 719)
• FASCISM
• http//www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/202210/f
  ascism
• (Definition and video 117)

8
Both Communism and Fascism Used Totalitarian
Govts

• Totalitarianism use of govt to exert complete
  control over EVERY aspect of its citizens lives

On the USSRs flag hammer industrialization scy
the collectivized agriculture
On the Nazis flag swastika ancient symbol
denoting luck Since Hitler, to most Westerners it
denotes evil
9
Both Used a Hierarchical Structure
Single charismatic party leader
Obedience to and support for the party was
not-negotiable
Top party members (national)
Lower party members (regional local)
Masses of people in the nation
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Totalitarian Tactics

• Conformity to the state ideology is demanded,
  and is achieved through such measures as
• Extensive local, regional, and national
  organization.
• Youth, professional, cultural, and athletic
  groups (often forced participation).
• A secret police using terror.
• Indoctrination through education.
• Censorship of the media.
• Redirecting popular discontent (use of
  scapegoats).

11
Commonalities

• New technologies made totalitarianism possible
  and allowed rulers to maintain an extreme degree
  of control over their populations.

• Turned away from the individual and away from
  limited democratic governments.

• Both had one party rule (no other political
  parties allowed).

• Both favored a collective, all-powerful state.

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Control of the Masses
FEAR
TERROR
INTIMIDATION
GESTAPO
INDOCTRINATION
PROPAGANDA
COERCIVE POWER
NKVD
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(No Transcript)
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Indoctrination
INDOCTRINATION IS BRAINWASHING THOUGHT CONTROL
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The Nature of Totalitarian Regimes

• Totalitarian regimes are responding to what they
  see as dangerous and destabilizing changes. They
  consider the existing society in need of a
  complete transformation. This transformation may
  be
• Radical, as in the Soviet Union, where the change
  is a move toward the FAR LEFT side of the
  economic spectrum (a classless society with
  public ownership of property) and a complete
  REJECTION of the political and economic
  traditions of the past.
• Reactionary, as in Nazi Germany, where the change
  desired is a move toward an idealized past and an
  ACCEPTANCE of economic inequality (accepting the
  belief that some people are naturally better than
  others). FAR RIGHT.

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How did Russia move from liberalist to Communist,
via the Revolution?

• What factors (historical, social, political,
  economic, geographic) shaped this movement?
• Booklet Communism as a rejection of liberalism
  Communism in the 20th Century
• Reading Destruction of the Old Order 1.
  Background of the Russian Revolution

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Russia Late 19th Century

• Many people in Russia were receptive to the ideas
  for social reform that sprang up in Europe.
• 80 of Russians were peasants.
• Population doubles from 50 to 100 million.
• Classical liberal policies were adopted and rapid
  industrialization occurred that was similar to,
  but far behind, what was already happening in
  many European countries.
• However, the Russian political structure remained
  autocratic (dictatorial), ruled by a monarchy
  that did not want to give up control of the
  country.

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Nicholas II (Ruled 1894-1917)

• Russia ruled by a monarchy Czar Nicholas II, who
  was an absolutely dreadful leader.

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The Reign of Nicholas II

• Food shortages in the cities were commonplace due
  in part to a poorly organized transportation
  system.
• The czar had resisted almost all suggestions for
  change, whether from the middle class seeking to
  introduce liberal concepts such as a
  constitutional monarchy, free speech, and free
  assembly from the peasants demanding land of
  their own or from the industrial worker
  demanding unions.
• The czars secret police persecuted dissenters of
  every kind. Discontent and chaos were rife and
  punishments were severe.
• Quote pg. 170

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The Rise of Revolution

• Since Russian workers were subject to difficult
  social and economic conditions many of the
  workers gave their support to revolutionary
  groups. Many of these groups assassinated
  high-ranking politicians in the czars
  government.
• In 1905, Russia was defeated in a war against
  Japan which only contributed to the citizens
  dissatisfaction with their govt.
• What resulted was the Russian Revolution of 1905.

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Readings Communism as Rejection booklet

• 2. Russo-Japanese war
• 3. Karl Marx and theory of Communism
• Questions
• 4. Politics after the 1905 Revolution

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Ineffectual Reforms

• Although the 1905 revolution was eventually
  suppressed, the czar was forced to allow some
  reforms, including
• - basic civil rights (freedom of
  expression/assembly)
• - universal suffrage (right to vote)
• - creation of elected legislative assembly
  (Duma)
• These reforms proved ineffective. Nicholas II
  limited the powers of the Duma before its first
  session. Every law had to be approved by him and
  he had the power to dismiss the Duma and call new
  elections.

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Russian Attitudes toward the Czar

• Bartok the bat (012) http//www.youtube.com/watc
  h?v72U-m7qAz0s
• Text pgs 168-172
• Questions 1-6 (booklet)

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Russia - 1917

• Russia had been at war for 3 years fighting WW I
  and was experiencing massive losses due to poorly
  led and poorly fed troops.
• Food shortages and strikes were common.
• Czar Nicholas II, unable to rule the Russia
  Empire effectively or deal with the uproar among
  the population, was overwhelmed by the pressures
  of war.
• The Russian peoples discontent grew until
  February 1917, when mass demonstrations and
  strikes coalesced into an outright revolution

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The Formation of the USSR

• Lenins slogan of Land, Peace, Bread seemed to
  win over most of the Russian people. However,
  taking power in a time of chaos was easier than
  keeping it.
• A bloody civil war raged for the next five years
  between the Red Army of Lenins Bolsheviks and
  the White Army, a loose coalition of forces
  including supporters of the old regime and
  reformers opposed to the Bolsheviks.
• By 1922, the civil war was over, and communism
  was established in Russia.

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Communism booklet

• 5. Effects of the Great War Upon Russia
• 6. the Two Revolutions of 1917
• Questions
• The Soviet Union during the Interwar Years
• Text pgs 179-186
• questios

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Joseph Stalin and Totalitarianism

• Soviet Propaganda
• (propaganda one-sided information designed to
  persuade an audience)

Readings Joseph Stalin Focus on
USSR Questions Soviet Totalitarianism as a
Rejection of Liberalism 7 Aspects
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Communism in Practice

• Stalins Reign and Successive Dictators
• Questions

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(No Transcript)
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Germany Post WW I

• Pg. 172
• Germany, along with allied Austro-Hungarian
  Empire, had been defeated in WW I. The principle
  treaty that ended the war, the Treaty of
  Versailles, was negotiated by the victors of the
  conflict without German participation.
• The terms of this treaty provoked a lasting
  resentment among many Germans.

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Fascism as a Rejection of Liberalism

• Fascism under Mussolini See Fascism as a
  Rejection of Liberalism Crisis Theory

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• What do you know about Nazi Fascism?
• Why would Germany choose to reject Classical
  Liberalism?

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Treaty of Versailles Terms

• The war guilt clause which said that Germany
  accepted sole responsibility and was thus
  responsible for all damage caused by the war.
• Reparation payments in the amount of US 33
  billion.
• The Rhineland, an area of western Germany, was to
  be demilitarized.

34

• Various European territories that Germany had
  annexed were given to other countries.
  (Alsace-Lorraine)

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More Treaty of Versailles Terms

• Germany army was limited to no more than 100,000
  troops.
• The German navy was limited to no more than
  15,000 men, with a limited number of vessels.
• The manufacture, import, and export of weapons
  and armaments, including tanks, subs, aircraft,
  and artillery, were prohibited.

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Why Were Germans Anti-Liberalist?

• Germanys new liberal democratic govt had no
  choice but to accept Treaty of Versailles
  conditions, however much of the German populace
  blamed the govt for the humiliation and economic
  hardship the treaty would cause for years
  afterwards. This resentment would undermine many
  voters confidence in their liberal democratic
  govt.
• Furthermore, Germans associated liberalism with
  their WW I enemies Britain, France, and the US
  which made many against liberalism in all its
  forms.

37
Economic Turmoil

• In the years following WW I, the German economy
  was in ruins.
• In 1923, Germany declared it could not continue
  to make reparation payments imposed by the Treaty
  of Versailles.
• In response, France Belgium invaded Germanys
  industrial region hoping to claim reparations
  from the profits of the businesses in that
  region.
• The German workers then responded with general
  strikes, manufacturing came to a halt, causing
  inflation to skyrocket.

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An Inflation Analogy
Date Amount of Canadian for Each American
Today 1.00
October 24, 2013 5.81
October 24, 2014 8.83
October 24, 2015 23.22
October 24, 2016 917.91
April 2017 13,303.04
July 2017 12 million
August 2017 3.03 billion
September 2017 259 billion
October 2017 504 billion
39
German Inflation

• According to our analogy, if you had 1 billion
  dollars and it underwent the degree of inflation
  that the German mark did from 1918-1923, your
  fortune would be worth two tenths of a cent
  American.
• Figure 5-7 5-8 pg. 173

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Nazis Take Advantage of Economic Struggles

• From 1923 to 1929, the situation in Germany
  stabilized to some extent. American banks lent
  money to the German govt to make reparation
  payments but this left Germany with a large debt.
  
• Added to this problem was the occurring of the
  Great Depression.
• Hitler and his Nazi Party would eventually take
  advantage of the widespread unemployment and
  desperation of the German ppl by declaring it was
  the responsibility of the state to provide every
  citizen with an opportunity to earn a living.

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Handouts and Readings

• Text pgs 172-177
• Activity pg 176 Questions 1-3
• Exploring Nazi Fascism
• 30-1 read
• 30-2 read complete questions 1-3
• Fascism as a Rejection of Liberalism (30-1)
• read complete reflection questions

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Führer The Leader of the NAZI Party Nationalist
Socialist German Workers Party
Video BBC Inside the Mind of A. Hitler
(4656) 000 to 1840, and 3136-end http//www
.youtube.com/watch?v8g77usn8Ws4
ADOLF HITLER
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Nazi Propaganda
One sided information designed to persuade an
audience. Text pg. 178 AND Activity (do
questions to Guide first)
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Nazism Why Was It Embraced?

• Hitler promoted absolute nationalism, which
  called for the unification of all German-speaking
  peoples, the use of private paramilitary
  organizations to stifle dissent and terrorize
  opposition, and the centralization of decision
  making in a single leader, to whom everyone owed
  loyalty.
• Rejection of Liberalism Fascism The Third
  Reich, 1933-1945 Primary Sources and Questions

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• The nationalism of the Nazi Party appealed to
  many Germans. Some other countries had
  significant German-speaking populations.
• Many German nationalists believed these
  countries should be part of a larger
  German-speaking nation.

Germany
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Other Appeals of Nazism

• Germany had a long military tradition. Many
  Germans wanted for militarism to continue to
  remain a dominant force in Germany.
• Nazi law and order appealed to many Germans who
  were tired of years of instability and
  politically motivated violence. They wanted a
  strong govt to control the lawlessness.
  Ironically, much of the political violence was
  instigated by the Nazi Partys paramilitary
  organization, the SA, or stormtroopers.
• Figure 5-9 pg. 174

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Demonstration of support for the party,
controlled participation, and absolute loyalty.
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Anti-Semitism in Germany

• Pg. 177

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• Text pgs 186-192
• make a list of progression for Nazi laws
• What do you think, in comparison with Canadas
  War Measures Act, and also Aktion T4, and
  Cardinal vonGalens reaction?
• Text pgs 193-195
• Pg 194 1-3
• Pg 195 1a, 3, 4
• Notes (in booklet)
• Nazism in Practice
• Nazism Economic System

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• Assignment Nazi Totalitarianism as a Rejection
  of Liberalism 7 Aspects
• Review
• Venn Diagram compare Communism to Fascism
• Crossword
• Quiz