Daily Spark Thursday, December 17th

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Daily SparkThursday, December 17th

• In order to receive full credit, be sure to
  include todays date and use complete sentences.
• What was the 100 Days?

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Napoleons Fall and Europes Reaction

• Preview
• Main Idea / Reading Focus
• Disaster and Defeat
• Map Russian Campaign,1812
• The Last Campaigns
• The Congress of Vienna
• Map Europe after the Congress of Vienna

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Napoleons Fall and Europes Reaction

• Preview, continued
• The Revolutions Legacy
• Faces of History Prince Klemens von Metternich
• Visual Study Guide / Quick Facts
• Video The Impact of the French Revolution

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Napoleons Fall and Europes Reaction
Main Idea After defeating Napoleon, the European
allies sent him into exile and held a meeting in
Vienna to restore order and stability to Europe.

• Reading Focus
• What events caused disaster and defeat for
  Napoleon?
• What were Napoleons last campaigns?
• What did the Congress of Vienna achieve?
• What is the legacy of the French Revolution?

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Disaster and Defeat

• Portugal
• Napoleon surprised by inability to control
  Portugal
• Peninsular campaign was a failure

• Russia
• Czar Nicholas I didnt like French troops on
  western border
• Russia hurt by Continental System country needed
  imports

• Costly Mistake
• Napoleon turned east in 1812
• Hoped to teach Russia a lesson

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The Russian Campaign

• June 1812
• Napoleon and army of 600,000 troops
• Marched across Russian border

• French Army
• New recruits with no loyalty
• Supplies lost or spoiled
• Disease, desertion, and hunger

• No One to Fight
• Russian troops pulled east
• French victory at Borodino, but Russian army
  still strong
• Pushed to Moscow but found city in flames

• Retreat Homeward
• Ruined city, no winter supplies
• Starvation and freezing temperatures decimated
  army
• Only 94,000 men survived

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Defeat and Exile to Elba

• Russia, Prussia, Austria, and Great Britain
  allied against France
• Napoleon raised another army, but troops
  inexperienced
• In October 1813 Napoleon defeated at Battle of
  the Nations near Leipzig
• In March 1814, victorious allies entered Paris.
• Terms of surrenderNapoleon gave up throne and
  went into exile on tiny island of Elba

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Identify Cause and Effect What factors
contributed to Napoleons failure in Russia?
Answer(s) soldiers lacked loyalty to Napoleon,
extreme heat, supplies lost or spoiled, disease,
desertion, hunger, Russian troops withdrew, harsh
Russian winter
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The Last Campaigns

• The Hundred Days
• French monarchy restored with King Louis XVIII
• King unpopular Napoleon returns after year in
  exile
• Louis panicked and fled Napoleon declared outlaw
  by allies
• Paris cheered Napoleons return
• Brief period of renewed glory-the Hundred Days

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The Last Campaigns
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Draw Conclusions How was Napoleon able to escape
exile in Elba and return to command the French
army?
Answer(s) hired a ship to return him to France
and won the support of people and the army
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The Congress of Vienna

• Negotiators
• Lord Castlereagh of Great Britain
• Czar Alexander I of Russia
• Prince Klemens von Metternich of Austria
• Charles-Maurice de Talleyrand of France

• Metternich
• Distrusted democracy and political change
• Dominated the congress, wanted to restore the
  balance of power

• Goals for Other Decision Makers
• Make sure France could not rise again to such
  power
• Put down revolution wherever it might appear
• Remove traces of French Revolution and Napoleons
  rule

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Redrawing the Map

• National borders
• Congress changed many borders
• Wanted to strengthen nations surrounding France

• New Countries
• Union of the Dutch Republic and the Austrian
  Netherlands as the Kingdom of the Netherlands
• Austria and 38 German states in German
  Confederation

• Process
• Countries that aided France lost territory
• Countries that fought France gained territory
• Talleyrand arranged trades

• Frances loss
• Was not allowed to keep any conquered territory
• Boundaries back to 1792
• Forced to pay indemnity, or compensation for
  damages

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• Restoring Monarchies
• Napoleon had eliminated royal control in many
  countries.
• Members of the old Bourbon royal family were
  returned to the thrones of Spain and Sicily.
• Monarchies were restored in Portugal and Sardinia.

• Metternichs Influence
• His reactionary attitudes influenced politics and
  society.
• Wanting a return to absolute monarchy, he
  despised constitutions, voting rights, and
  freedom of religion and the press.
• Liberal ideas were suppressed in Austria, the
  German states, and northern Italy.

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Summarize What were the main goals of the
Congress of Vienna?
Answer(s) restore order, stability, and balance
of power ensure France could not rise again
suppress revolution
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The Revolutions Legacy

• Was the French Revolution a failure?
• After Congress of Vienna, monarchs ruled again
• Citizens rights restricted
• Nobles returned to their previous lifestyles
• French Revolution changed Europe
• Monarchies no longer secure
• Common people learned they could change the world
• Ideals of human dignity, personal liberty, and
  equality
• Enlightenment crossed the Atlantic to Latin
  America, eventually inspired political movements
  in Asia and Africa

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Draw Conclusions Why could it be said that the
French Revolution is still being fought today?
Answer(s) People still fight for the basic
ideals of liberty and equality.
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VideoThe Impact of the French Revolution
Click above to play the video.