ALEXANDER THE GREAT

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ALEXANDER THE GREAT

• HELLENISTIC AGE

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PHILIP OF MACEDONIA

• King Philip II
• Became King at age 23 (359 BC)
• Brilliant General and ruthless Politician
• wanted to conquer Greece and Persia
• Organized army in phalanx
• 16x16

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BATTLE OF CHAERONEA 338BC

• Greece in state of individualism
• Every Greek for himself
• Demosthenes
• Tried to warn Greece of King Philip
• Athens and Thebes formed together
• Philips 18 year old son, Alexander, led army to
  victory, conquering Greece

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PHILIPS DEATH

• Parade in honor of the marriage of Alexander and
  Cleopatra
• Philips statue largest of all and entered
  stadium last
• Philip wanted to enter without bodyguards
• Stabbed close friend, maybe lover
• Several theories behind assassination
• Lover, plot of enemies, plot of wife/son

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REMAINS OF PHILIP II
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KING ALEXANDER

• King at age 20
• Apprentice of Aristotle
• Horse Bucephalus
• Believed he was a relative of Achilles
• Thebes started a rebellion
• Alexander destroyed city
• Killed 6,000
• Sold rest to slavery

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INVASION OF PERSIA

• 35,000 soldiers
• Darius III
• King of Persians
• 40,000 soldiers
• Battle of Grancius River
• Alexander rushed the Persian forces
• Darius fled, his army followed
• Victory of Anatolia

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OFFER OF PEACE

• Darius III offered Alexander 1/3 of his empire
  for peace
• Alexanders advisors told him to accept
• Because of how he won, he wanted all of Persia
  and the known world

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EGYPT

• Welcomed as liberator of Egypt
• 331 BC
• Oasis of Siwah
• Oracle of Amon
• Egyptian King of the Gods
• He was the true son of Zeus

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ALEXANDERS EMPIRE

• Alex moved east into Mesopotamia
• Darius III assembled an army of 250,000
• Battle of Gaugamela
• Alexander charged through Persian lines
• Darius III fled AGAIN, army followed
• Victory ended Persian power

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• Alexander moves through Persian cities, through
  India Valley and into Asia
• Never lost a battle
• Army travels 11,000 miles in 11 years
• Army wants to turn around
• Babylon
• Alexander contracts Malaria from a mosquito
• 323 BC
• Alexander dies

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ALEXANDERS LEGACY

• My empire will go to the strongest General.
• Antigonus King of Macedonia
• Ptolemy Egypt, became Pharaoh
• Selecus Old Persian Empire
• Brought Greek culture to all of East
• 14 Alexandria cities

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Overview of King Alex
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Full Movie
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HELLANISTIC AGE

• Alexandria, Egypt
• Center of commerce and trade
• Diverse population of 500,000
• Lighthouse of Alexandria
• 400 ft tall
• Burned in fire
• Museum and Library
• Dedicated to Arts and Sciences

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LIGHT HOUSE AT ALEXANDRIA
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ASTRONOMY

• Small observatory
• Aristarchus of Samos
• Sun was 300 times larger than earth (actually
  larger)
• Earth and planets revolve around the sun
• Theory was not supported
• Ptolemy said earth was center (14 centuries)

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MATHMATICS AND PHYSICS

• Euclid
• Opened school of geometry
• Book called Elements
• Archimedes
• Accurately calculated Pi (p)

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EUCLID ARCHIMEDES
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COLOSSUS OF RHODES
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QA

• 1. Who was Philip II?
• 2. Who led the army that conquered Greece?
• 3. Who killed King Philip II?
• 4. Who led the Persians?
• 5. What happened to Alexander in Egypt?
• 6. Describe the Hellenistic Age.