Quoting, Paraphrasing,

1
Quoting, Paraphrasing, Summarizing
Avoiding Plagiarism
2
Knowing the Difference

• There are 3 ways to incorporate others writing
  into your own writing
• Quoting
• Paraphrasing
• Summarizing

3
Quotations

• Quoting a source is a way of weaving someone
  elses exact words into your own text.
• You need to reproduce the source exactly. AND
• Give credit to your source by naming the author
  and including parenthetical documentation at the
  end of your sentence.
• (MLA documentation will be discussed later in the
  research unit)

4
Can I make a change to someone elses words?

• Yes. If a quote will fit more smoothly into your
  writing by making a slight change, you may do so.
  For example
• If you need to omit unnecessary details, you
  indicate that words are missing with an
  ellipses . . .
• If you need to change or add words in a quote to
  make the quote fit grammatically within your
  sentence, use brackets

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Ellipses . . . For Omissions

• If you need to omit any unnecessary
  details/words, you indicate that words are
  missing with an ellipsis . . .
• Ex Original Text Scout, simply by the nature
  of the work, every lawyer gets at least one case
  in his lifetime that affects him personally. This
  ones mine, I guess. You might hear some ugly
  talk about it at school, but do one thing for me
  if you will you just hold your head high and
  keep those fists down. No matter what anybody
  says to you, dont you let em get your goat. Try
  fighting with your head for a change (Lee 101).
  
• Scout . . . every lawyer gets at least one case
  in his lifetime that affects him personally. This
  ones mine . . . You might here some ugly talk
  about it at school, but . . . hold your head high
  and keep those fists down. . . . Try fighting
  with your head for a change (Lee 101).

6
Brackets For Additions/Changes

• When you find it necessary to make changes or
  additions to quoted material, use a set of
  brackets to signal the change. For ex
• Original Text Influenced by Godwin, Mary
  Shelley developed a lifelong habit of deep and
  extensive reading and research.
• Revised Text Influenced by her father,
  William Godwin, Mary Shelley developed a
  lifelong habit of deep and extensive reading and
  research.

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Paraphrase

• When you paraphrase, you restate information from
  a source in your own words and sentence
  structure.
• Paraphrase when the source material is
  important, but the original wording is not.
• Because it includes all the main points of your
  source, a paraphrase is usually about the same
  length as the original.

8
Paraphrase

• As with direct quotes, you must give credit to
  your source when paraphrasing others words.
• Signal that you have paraphrased information by
  setting up the statement (by naming the author)
  and providing parenthetical documentation after
  the sentence.
• You must do more than make slight changes to the
  wording and sentence structure, otherwise, you
  are risking plagiarism.

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Why Paraphrase?

• It is a valuable skill.
• It helps you control the temptation to quote too
  much (The OWL at Purdue).
• The mental process required for successful
  paraphrasing helps you to grasp the full meaning
  of the original (The OWL at Purdue).

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Tips for Paraphrasing

• Reread the original passage until you understand
  its full meaning.
• Set the original aside, and practice writing your
  paraphrase.
• First change the sentence structure, then change
  the words.
• Check your rendition with the original to make
  sure that your version accurately expresses all
  the essential information in a new form.

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Summarizing

• When you need to use the main ideas of a larger,
  more detailed text, you may summarize the
  material.
• In contrast to paraphrasing, when you keep the
  information about the same length, summaries
  provide a brief snapshot of a larger texts main
  ideas.
• As with quotes and paraphrases, you must give
  credit to your source by including parenthetical
  documentation.

12
Paraphrase this passage.

• Scout, simply by the nature of the work, every
  lawyer gets at least one case in his lifetime
  that affects him personally. This ones mine, I
  guess. You might hear some ugly talk about it at
  school, but do one thing for me if you will you
  just hold your head high and keep those fists
  down. No matter what anybody says to you, dont
  you let em get your goat. Try fighting with your
  head for a change (Lee 101).

13
Paraphrase this passage.

• Students frequently overuse direct quotation
  in taking notes, and as a result they overuse
  quotations in the final research paper.
  Probably only about 10 of your final manuscript
  should appear as directly quoted matter.
  Therefore, you should strive to limit the amount
  of exact transcribing of source materials while
  taking notes. Lester, James D. Writing Research
  Papers. 2nd ed. (1976) 46-47.

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Legitimate Paraphrase

• In research papers students often quote
  excessively, failing to keep quoted material down
  to a desirable level. Since the problem usually
  originates during note taking, it is essential to
  minimize the material recorded verbatim (Lester
  46-47).

15
Plagiarized Paraphrase

• Students often use too many direct quotations
  when they take notes, resulting in too many of
  them in the final research paper. In fact,
  probably only about 10 of the final copy should
  consist of directly quoted material. So it is
  important to limit the amount of source material
  copied while taking notes.

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Side-by-side review of original and legitimate
paraphrase

• Students frequently overuse direct quotation
  in taking notes, and as a result they overuse
  quotations in the final research paper.
  Probably only about 10 of your final manuscript
  should appear as directly quoted matter.
  Therefore, you should strive to limit the amount
  of exact transcribing of source materials while
  taking notes. Lester, James D. Writing Research
  Papers. 2nd ed. (1976) 46-47.

• In research papers students often quote
  excessively, failing to keep quoted material down
  to a desirable level. Since the problem usually
  originates during note taking, it is essential to
  minimize the material recorded verbatim (Lester
  46-47).

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Remember!

• Direct Quote
• When there is NO better way to say it, quote it.
  Minor changes/omissions are okay provided you
  signal with . . . or . Always name the
  author and include parenthetical documentation.
• Paraphrase
• Original sources ideas, thoughts, and words are
  expressed in YOUR OWN WORDS and SENTENCE
  STRUCTURE. AND your paraphrase is approximately
  the same length as the original. AND you give
  credit to original source include parenthetical
  documentation.
• Summaries
• You are shrinking the more detailed, original
  source
• A very concise, broad overview expressed in YOUR
  OWN WORDS give credit to source include P.D.

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Ground Rules

• A quote cannot begin or end a body paragraph.
• A quote cannot stand alone as a sentence. It must
  be paired with your OWN voice.
• A quote must be embedded smoothly into your OWN
  sentence.

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Credits / Sources

• Source Norton Field Guide to Writing, 2008,
  Bullock, Daly-Goggin, and Weinberg
• Purdue OWL http//owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/reso
  urce/563/01/