BATTERIES

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BATTERIES
Oxidation-Reduction Reactions
TEAM ATE Names of Team Members
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Goals Purpose

• Redox Reactions
• Explain how batteries work
• Explain how energy is produced
• Explain Battery Arrangements
• Different types of batteries

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Batteries are EVERYWHERE!

• Technology in US continuously advancing-smaller
  batteries w/ more power
• flashlights, pagers, cell phones, i-pod, laptops,
  cars, etc.
• dependent on batteries and how long they keep
  their charge

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REDOX REACTIONS

• AKA Oxidation-Reduction Reactions
• transfer of electrons between atoms
• Oxidation involves a loss of electrons
• Reduction involves a gain in electrons

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BATTERIES

• Put redox reactions to use
• Convenient way of generating electricity
• Electrical energy can be obtained from any
  electrochemical cell
• When several cells are connected to provide
  sufficient power- these cells are known as
  BATTERIES

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How batteries work

• Every battery has two terminals
• Positive Negative -
• Normal flashlight batteries the ends are the
  terminals
• Large car batteries have two heavy lead posts
  that act as terminals
• Electrons collect on negative end
• Connect wire between two terminals electrons
  flow through it from the negative to the positive
  terminal

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• Electrons must flow from battery through wire
  from the negative to the positive terminal for
  the chemical reaction to take place
• The speed of electron production by this chemical
  reaction controls how many electrons can flow
  between the terminals
• Unless electrons are flowing reaction does not
  take place this is why batteries can sit for
  years and still work

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Battery Arrangements

• Group together serially to form higher voltage
  (voltages add up)
• Group together parallel to form higher current
  (currents add up)

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CURRENT flow of electric charge

• Electronic and electrical things 'work' because
  electrons are flowing through them
• This is current (I) measured in amps.
• The more amps, the hotter, faster, louder, etc
• Talking of current is always relative to a SINGLE
  POINT in a circuit... the number of electrons
  passing that point

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VOLTAGE potential energy

• What makes the electrons move
• Voltage is always a comparison between two
  points
• one point is assumed to be the 'zero voltage'
  point

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Types of Batteries

• Zinc-Carbon- standard carbon battery used in all
  inexpensive AA, C, D dry cell batteries
• Alkaline- Common in Duracell Energizer
  batteries zinc manganese-oxide
• Lithium Photo- lithium, lithium iodide, and
  lead-iodide used ability to supply power surges
• Lead-acid-automobiles oxide electrodes
  (rechargeable)
• Nickel-cadmium- nickel-hydroxide
  potassium-hydroxide electrodes (rechargeable)

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Types continued

• Nickel-metal hydride- rapidly replacing nickel
  due to not suffering from memory effect
  (rechargeable)
• Lithium-ion-very good power-to-weight ratio
  high-end laptop computers and cell phones
  (rechargeable)
• Zinc-air- lightweight and rechargeable
• Zinc-mercury oxide- hearing aids
• Silver-zinc- aeronautical applications good
  power-to-weight ratio
• Metal-chloride- electric vehicles - scooter

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QUIZ Question

• Name seven things that you personally use
  batteries for

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SOURCES

• Baird, Colin and Gloffke, Wendy. (2005).
  Chemistry in Your Life. New York W. H. Freeman
  and Company.
• http//www.howstuffworks.com/
• http//www.chemistry.mnsu.edu/
• http//www.duracell.com/landing.asp
• http//www.energizer.com/