BMR and Metabolism

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BMR and Metabolism
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What is METABOLISM?

• Metabolism is the sum of all the chemical
  processes that occurs in organisms.
• This includes not only how quickly you digest
  your food, but a whole collection of processes in
  your body such as building muscle, breaking down
  glucose into usable energy, formation of lipids
  from fatty acids.

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Two Types of Metabolism

• Catabolism - the metabolic breakdown of complex
  molecules into simpler ones, often resulting in a
  release of energy.
• Ex glucose for energy, burning fat, breaking
  down tissue (aging)
• Glycogen glucose energy
• ATP ADP P (releasing energy)

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• Anabolism - the phase of metabolism in which
  simple substances are synthesized or built up
  into the more complex materials of living tissue
• Ex formation of protein from amino acids,
  storing energy, building muscle or tissue
• Glucose energy glycogen
• (ATP)

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How Does It Work?

• Metabolism is a constant process
• When people eat they take in energy (in the form
  of sugar), along with other vital cell-building
  chemicals.
• The body breaks the sugar down so that the energy
  released can be distributed to and used as fuel
  by the body's cells.

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How Does It Work?

• After food is eaten, enzymes break proteins down
  into amino acids, fats into fatty acids, and
  carbohydrates into simple sugars (e.g., glucose).
  
• Amino acids and fatty acids can also be used as
  energy sources
• The compounds are absorbed into the blood, which
  transports them to the cells.

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How Does It Work?

• After they enter the cells, other enzymes act to
  speed up or regulate the chemical reactions
  involved with "metabolizing" these compounds.
• The energy from these compounds can be released
  for use by the body or stored in body tissues,
  especially the liver, muscles, and body fat.

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How Does It Work?

• Metabolism involves two kinds of activities that
  go on at the same time - the building up of body
  tissues and for energy and the breaking down of
  body tissues to generate more fuel for body
  functions.

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What is BMR?

• BMR stands for Basal Metabolic Rate
• BMR is a measure of the rate at which a person's
  body "burns" energy, in the form of calories,
  while at rest.
• BMR can play a role in weight gain.

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What is BMR?

• Ex A person with a low BMR (who burns fewer
  calories while at rest) will gain more pounds of
  body fat over time, compared to a similar-sized
  person with an average BMR who eats the same
  amount of food and gets the same amount of
  exercise

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What Influences BMR?

• Genetics
• Health problems
• Activity level exercise
• Body composition lean muscle
• Gender men have more lean muscle
• Age development vs. maintenance
• Body Temperature/Body Size
• Energy Supply - During time of famine the body
  automatically lowers its metabolic rate for a
  starvation diet

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How to Calculate BMR

• Convert body weight kilograms
• Weight in Pounds
• 2.2
• Females - Multiply step 1 by 0.9
• Males - Multiply step 1 by 1.0
• 3. Multiply step 2 by 24 to get basic kcals
  needed/day

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Example

• Jessie weighs 125 lbs. What is her BMR?
• 1. Convert body weight kilograms
• Weight in Pounds
• 2.2
• Females - Multiply step 1 by 0.9
• 56.82 x 0.9 51.14
• 3. Multiply step 2 by 24
• 51.14 x 24 1227.3 kcals/day (BMR)

125 lbs/2.2 56.82
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Finding Basic kcal Needs

• After find the BMR, you will adjust this figure
  by adding the number of Calories burned during
  daily activities.
• Ex Henrys BMR is 1575. He ran for 1 hour on
  the treadmill. Each minute he burned 10
  Calories. What is his new calorie requirement?
• 10 Calories x 60 minutes 600 Calories
• 1575 600 2175

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Problem 1

• Jared and Sandy danced fast for 15 minutes. For
  each minute danced, they each burned 4 calories.
  Jareds BMR is 1775 and Sandys is 1552. What are
  their TOTAL calorie requirements?
• 4 calories x 15 minutes 60 calories
• Jared 1775 60 1835 calories
• Sandy 1552 60 1612 calories
• 1835 1612 3447 calories together

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Problem 2

• Bethany weighs 112 pounds. Most days she
  requires a 25 increase in calories over her
  typical needs. What is her new calorie
  requirement?
• BMR 112/2.2 50.9
• 50.9 x 0.9 45.81
• 45.81 x 24 1099.4
• 1099.4 x .25 274.86
• 1099.4 274.86 1374.26 calories