Anatomy for Nutrition

1
Anatomy for Nutritions Sake

• Chapter 3

2
The Digestive System

• The gastrointestinal tract
• Layers of the GI tract wall
• Mouth
• Esophagus
• Stomach
• Small intestine
• Large intestine (colon)

3
The Gastrointestinal Tract

• Mouth
• Chewing
• Saliva
• Swallowing
• Esophagus
• Passes bolus from mouth to stomach

4
The Gastrointestinal Tract

• Stomach
• Stores food
• Forms chyme (semi-liquid blend of food gastric
  secretions)
• Controls movement of chyme into small intestine

5
The Gastrointestinal Tract

• Small intestine
• Primary organ of digestion absorption
• Adds bile enzymes to chyme to complete
  digestion
• Absorbs nutrients into blood lymph

6
The Gastrointestinal Tract

• Large intestine
• Absorbs dissolved minerals water
• Eliminates waste products
• Harbors bacteria

7
The Digestive System

• Accessory organs of digestion
• Liver
• Makes bile
• Gallbladder
• Stores releases bile
• Pancreas
• Makes bicarbonate digestive enzymes (exocrine
  functions)

8
Metabolism

• Breaking down nutrients for energy
• Carbohydrate to glucose (catabolic) glycogen
  (anabolic)
• Protein to amino acids (catabolic) then to
  glucose, fat, or protein (anabolic)
• Fat/fat-soluble nutrients packaged in
  chylomicrons, then other lipoproteins

9
Other Systems

• Bones
• Muscles
• Nerves
• Lungs
• Reproductive organs

10
Let Foods Be Your Medicine

• Functional foods
• Visit the local grocery store
• Follow the research
• Incorporate functional foods into your daily diet

11
Do Your Genes Affect Whats in Your Jeans?

• Ancient ancestors eating habits vs. the way we
  eat today
• How ancient habits eating patterns affect
  likelihood of developing chronic diseases
• Foods found in modern diets that were generally
  unavailable to our prehistoric ancestors

12
Gut Feelings--Common Digestive Problems

• Hiccups
• Causes
• Potential cures

13
Gut Feelings--Common Digestive Problems

• Constipation
• Definition - bowl movements 3 times per week
• Causes
• Treatment
• Diet 20-35 g/fiber per day
• Lifestyle changes
• Laxatives

14
Gut Feelings--Common Digestive Problems

• Hemorrhoids
• Complication of constipation
• Signs symptoms
• Treatment
• Tub baths
• Hemorrhoidal cream or suppository