UNIT-G Organ Donation / Transplants

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UNIT-GOrgan Donation / Transplants
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• BT07.01Describe basic facts and organizations
  that support organ transplantation.

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• Under no circumstances can organs be sold in the
  USA!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
• Why not?
• National Organ Transplant Act makes it illegal
• Why?

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Because there are some who will exploit the poor
in donations and recipients!
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The Gift of Organ Donation
Just read.

• Each year, thousands of potential organ
  donors take their organs to the grave,
  unutilized. Shamefully, the families of 40
  aren't even asked to donate, while half of those
  that are asked respond affirmatively.  Thus, only
  30 of the life-saving potential is being
  utilized.   Monetary incentives have been banned
  by our lawmakers, effectively condemning over
  6,000 people to agonizing death each year.  We
  maintain that if this ban were lifted for cadaver
  organs, the supply would increase 200 or more,
  to near its maximum possible level. And when that
  happens, no one need suffer or die for lack of a
  suitable replacement organ.
• Organ donation organization

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Basic facts related to organ transplants

• A. No age limits under 18 requires parent or
  guardian consent.
• B. To donate, indicate on drivers license and
  carry donor card.
• C. Assure family members know desire to be a
  donor.
• D. Organs heart, kidneys, pancreas, lungs,
  liver, and intestines.

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• E. Tissues cornea (routinely transplanted) ,
  skin, bone marrow, heart valves, and connective
  tissue.
• F. Donation does not disfigure body or interfere
  with funeral.
• G. All costs paid by recipients (insurance),
  Medicare, or Medicaid.
• H. Selling organs is illegal.
• National donor network patients on list matched
  by criteria.

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• Matching criteria
• 1. Blood and tissue typing
• 2. Medical urgency
• 3. Time on the waiting list
• 4. Geographical location
• J. Organ procurement organizations
• 1. Evaluate potential donors.
• 2. Discuss donations with family members.
• 3. Arrange for surgical removal of donated
  organs.

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Who would be the MOST LIKELY organ donor?

• Healthy Senior Citizen
• A child with muscular dystrophy
• A baby who dies of a fever of unknown origin.
• A young adult with multiple sclerosis

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• Most People Can Donate Organs and/or Tissue
• All people of all ages should consider
  themselves potential organ and tissue donors.
  There are few absolute exclusions (HIV positive,
  active cancer, systemic infection) and no strict
  upper or lower age limits.
• .  
• You Are Never Too Old
• No one is too old or too young. Both newborns
  and senior citizens have been organ donors. The
  condition of your organs is more important than
  age. Someone 35 years old with a history of
  alcohol abuse may have a liver that is in worse
  condition than someone 60 years old who has never
  consumed alcohol. In addition, people on the
  waiting list might need to be transplanted with
  an organ that is less than ideal if there is no
  other suitable organ available in time to save
  their lives. Doctors will examine your organs and
  determine whether they are suitable for donation
  if the situation arises. If you are under 18, you
  will need the permission of a parent or guardian
  to donate.  
• .

Just read
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Medical Condition? Don't Rule Yourself Out You
may still be able to donate your organs. Doctors
will evaluate the condition of your organs when
the time arises. The transplant teams decision
will be based on a combination of factors, such
as the type of illness you have had, your
physical condition at the time of your death, and
the types of organs and tissues that would be
donated
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What organs can be transplanted?

• Heart
• Kidney
• Small Intestine
• Liver
• Pancreas
• Lungs

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What else.

• Blood vessels
• The arteries, veins and capillaries through
  which blood circulatesvessels can be donated and
  transplanted.

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• Allocation- the system of ensuring that organs
  and tissues are distributed fairly to patients
  who are in need.
• Bone - dense tissue that forms the skeletoncan
  be donated and transplanted.

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• Bone Marrow- soft tissue located in the cavities
  of bones. Bone marrow is the source of all blood
  cells. Bone Marrow can be donated and
  transplanted.

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Cornea - the transparent outer coat of the
eyeball that covers the iris and pupilroutinely
transplanted.
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Heart valves

• A tissue that prevents the flow of blood into the
  heartvalves can be donated and transplanted.

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Middle Ear

• Contains three small bones, or ossicles, known
  because of their shapes as the hammer, anvil and
  stirrupcan be donated and transplanted.

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Pancreas

• Gland which secretes aids in the digestion of
  proteins, carbohydrates, and fatscan be
  transplanted

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Jessica Santillian

• This case raised discussion on the ethical issues
  associated with providing medical care and organ
  transplants for Illegal aliens.

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• Brain death - occurs when a persons brain
  activity stops permanently. It is impossible to
  return to life after brain death.
• Cadaveric donors- also called, non-living donors,
  are those who donate their organs or tissue after
  they have been declared brain dead.

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Living donors

• Persons who donated a kidney, part of a lung or
  part of a liver while they are still alive.

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Organ Procurement Organizations (OPO)

• An organizations that coordinate activities
  relating to organ retrieval (procurement) in a
  designated area. ..activities evaluating
  potential donors, discussing donation with
  surviving family members, arranging for the
  surgical removal and transport of donated organs,
  and educating the public about the need for
  donations.

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Immunosuppressive drugs

• Chemical agents that cause the human body not to
  produce antibodies that normally fight off
  foreign material in the body.

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• Procurement- the process of retrieving organs
  and/or tissue from a donor.
• Recipient- a person who receives an organ or
  tissue transplant.

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Jane is 17 years old!

• Her insurance card states she wants to be
• an organ donor. Her parents dont want her
  organs harvested!
• WOULD THE HOSPITAL HARVEST THE ORGANS?

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• NO! Organs would not be harvested!

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Transplantation Xenogeneic

• Transplantation between members of different
  species for example, the transplantation of
  animal organs into humans.

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Transplantation

• The transfer of cells, tissue, or organs from an
  area of the body to another of from one organism
  to another.

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Transplant Centers

• A hospitals or medical centers that perform organ
  and/or tissue transplants.

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Transplantation Allogeneic

• Transplantation between genetically different
  members of the same species.
• People are genetically more similar to people of
  their own race!

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Allografts

• Nearly all organ and bone marrow transplants are
  allografts. These may be between brothers and
  sisters, parents and children, or between donors
  and recipients who are not related to each other.
• Mrs. John donates a kidney to her sister, Mrs.
  Smith. Who pays for the surgery?

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Transplantation Autologous

• Transplantation of an organisms own cell or
  tissue

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Bioethical issues associated with organ
transplants

• Ethics of presumed consent.
• Organ donations from prisoners and convicted
  criminals.
• Financial incentives for organ donation.
• Assessment for transplant candidacy.
• Preferred status for organ donor.

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Preferred Status for Organ Donor

• Who should get organs first?
• President
• Mother of 5
• Drug user
• Pastor
• Rich
• Teenager
• Medical need
• Illegal aliens

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How should we pick a Recipient?

• Lottery System - An ethical objective to this
  method of selection would be what if a patient
  with a terminal illness, such as cancer, receives
  an organ.

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Ethics of Presumed Consent

• In some countries if you die and dont have an
  organ donor card, the organs are removed and
  transplanted! Presumed means accepted or
  approved.

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Assessment for transplant candidacy

• Age
• Present Health Status
• Background I.e. Healthy lifestyle

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Financial Incentives for Organ Donation

• Should live donor be paid for organs?
• Yes or No?
• Would it unfairly affect low income members of
  society?
• Yes or No?
• Would insurance companies go along with this?
• Yes or No?

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• What Would You Do or Sell to Survive?