A

1
Section 1-Polling Question
In which of the colonies do you feel would be the
best place to live? A. The New England
Colonies B. The Middle Colonies C. The Southern
Colonies

1. A
2. B
3. C

2
Chapter 4 Growth of the Thirteen Colonies
(1607-1770)

• Section 1 Life in the Colonies

3
Chapter Time Line
4
Chapter Time Line
5
Essential Question
How did geography affect the economic development
of the three colonial regions?

• How did geography affect the economic development
  of the three colonial regions?

6
The Colonial Regions

• Were very different
• Were as different as fire and water
• Still they continued to grow
• 1700- 250,000
• 1770s- 2,500,000
• African Americans- 28,000 to more than 500,000
• Immigration increased
• Most lived in cities
• New York, Philadelphia, Charles Town, Savannah,
  and Newport
• Freedom of worship was allowed here

7
New England Colonies

• Most people lived in well organized towns
• Meetinghouse- church and town meetings
• Citizen army trained
• Farms were smaller
• New England had a poor growing season and rocky
  soil
• Farmers practiced subsistence farming
• Just enough to meet their families needs
• Most Northern farmers relied on their children
  for labor

8
Commerce in New England

• Commerce trade
• Many small businesses
• Water ran mills for grinding grain or sawing
  lumber
• Women made cloth, garments, candles, and soap for
  their families
• Sometimes to sell
• Large towns attracted skilled craftspeople
• Blacksmiths, shoemakers, furniture makers,
  gunsmiths, metalsmiths, and printers
• Shipbuilding was important
• Fishing and whaling was very important

9
Colonial Trade

• Northern coastal cities were the centers of trade
• Linked Northern Colonies with Southern Colonies
• Also linked to other parts of the world
• New England ships traded with the West Indies and
  across the Atlantic Ocean
• Followed different trading routes
• England and back
• Triangular trade
• Example Rum to Africa
• Slavery was very common in the West Indies

10
Section 1
Which part of the coast was the center of the
shipping trade? A. Southern coastal cities
B. Northern coastal cities C. Coastal cities on
the Gulf of Mexico

1. A
2. B
3. C

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The Middle Passage

• Enslaved Africans first went to a European Fort
  on the West African coast
• Tied together with ropes around their necks and
  hands
• Branded
• Forced on a ship
• Trip across Atlantic is called the Middle Passage
• A young African Olaudah Equiano described his
  journey
• So crowded that each had scarcely room to turn
  himself, almost suffocated us
• Chained together for more than a month

12
More Middle Passage

• Could hardly sit or stand
• Given little food or water
• Africans that died or became sick were thrown
  overboard
• Those that refused to eat were whipped
• When they reached American ports they went to the
  slave market
• Examined and prodded
• Sold as laborers
• Between the 1400s and mid 1800s about 12 million
  were forcibly transported to the Americas

13
The Middle Colonies

• Better soil and growing season than New England
• Farms produced bigger harvests
• Grew wheat and other cash crops
• New York and Philadelphia sold these crops and
  became busy ports
• NY- 18,000 people Phily- 24,000 largest cities
  in the colonies

14
Section 1
Which two cities were the largest in the American
colonies by 1760? A. New York and Philadelphia
B. Charles Town and Savannah C. Newport and
Cambridge

1. A
2. B
3. C

15
Industries in the Middle Colonies

• Some home based- carpentry and flour making
• Others larger- lumbering, mining, and small scale
  manufacturing
• Iron mills
• Many were German immigrants
• 100,000 Germans came to America during the
  colonial era
• Most in Pennsylvania
• Great diversity in the Middle Colonies
• Germans, Dutch, Swedish, and other non-English

16
The Southern Colonies and Slavery

• Good growing season and soil
• Most settlers made their living from farming
• Little commerce or industry
• Tobacco was the principal cash crop of Maryland
  and Virginia
• Most sold in Europe
• Planters tried to use indentured servants
• Too expensive and scarce
• Began using enslaved Africans

17
Tobacco and Slavery

• Slaveholders grew wealthy from tobacco
• Surplus sometimes made prices fall
• This caused some farmers to grow other crops
  (corn and wheat)

18
South Carolina and Georgia

• Main cash crop was rice
• Created rice fields called paddies
• Work was very hard
• Standing knee deep in mud all day
• Blazing sun
• Biting insects
• Relied on slave labor
• Rice was even more profitable that tobacco
• Rice became popular in Europe and price rose

19
Tidewater

• Most Southern plantations were located on the
  Tidewater
• Flat, low-lying plains along the seacoast
• Located on rivers so they could take crops to
  market by boats
• Each plantation was a self-contained community
• Planters wife supervised the house and house
  servants
• Plantation included slave cabins, barns, and
  stables
• Also blacksmith shops, storerooms, and kitchens
• Maybe even a chapel and school

20
Backcountry

• Toward the Appalachian Mountains
• Small farms- grew tobacco and corn
• Worked alone or with their families
• May have 1 or 2 slaves
• Small farmers outnumbered the plantation owners
• Plantation owners were very wealthy and had more
  influence
• Plantation owners controlled economic and
  political life in the region

21
Slavery

• Most slaves lived on plantations
• Most worked in fields and suffered great cruelty
• Overseers kept slaves working hard
• 1705- Virginia created slave codes
• Strict rules that governed the behavior and
  punishments of slaves
• Couldnt leave plantations without written
  permission
• Could not meet in large groups
• Allowed whipping slaves
• For serious crimes, owners could hang or burn to
  death the slave
• Slaves that ran away were punished severely

22
African Traditions

• Enslaved African families were torn apart
• Turned to African roots
• Some learned trades- carpentry, blacksmithing, or
  weaving
• Some were able to buy their freedom

23
Criticism of Slavery

• Most white Southerners were NOT slaveholders
• Some did not believe in slavery
• Less support in Northern colonies
• Puritans refused to own slaves
• Quakers condemned slavery

24
Essential Question

• How did geography affect the economic development
  of the three colonial regions?
• -New England Harsh Climate and rocky soil led to
  subsistence farming coastal location led to
  shipbuilding and other industries, fishing, and
  trade
• Middle Colonies fertile soil and milder climate
  led to larger farms and cash crops availability
  of natural resources led to small-scale
  manufacturing, lumbering, and mining good ports
  allowed trade.
• Southern Colonies Rich soil and warm climate
  led to large farms, cash crops, the development
  of the plantation system, and an economy based on
  slavery.

• How did geography affect the economic development
  of the three colonial regions?

25
Chapter 4 Section 1 Quiz
26
Which of the following means producing just
enough to meet the families' needs, with little
left over to sell or exchange?

1. harvesting
2. subsistence farming
3. cash crop
4. Tidewater farming

27
The most inhumane aspect of the triangular trade
was the

1. Southern Route.
2. merchant trade route.
3. Middle Passage.
4. fishing trade.

28
Where were most of the large Southern plantations
located?

1. backcountry
2. Tidewater
3. coastal areas
4. flatlands

29
The plantation bosses who kept the enslaved
Africans working hard were called

1. overseers.
2. slaveholders.
3. employers.
4. supervisors.

30
Which group controlled the economic and political
life of the Southern Colonies?

1. merchants
2. teachers
3. farmers
4. plantation owners

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