Chapter 2 Classification

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Chapter 2

• Classification

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• Classification means organizing living things
  into groups based on their similarities.
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• Scientists classify living and extinct organisms
  to make them easier to study.

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• Organisms are classified by shared
  characteristics and their relationships between
  one another.
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• The levels of classification go from very general
  to very specific.

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The 8 levels

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• Domain Dumb
• Kingdom King
• Phylum Phylum
• Class Couldnt
• Order Order
• Family Fried
• Genus Green
• Species Spaghetti

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• Classification for Humans
• Kingdom Animalia
• Phylum Chordata
• Class Mammalia
• Order Primates
• Family Hominidae
• Genus Homo
• species sapiens

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• The science of classifying organisms is called
  taxonomy.
• 7 Taxonomy was founded by Linneaus in the 1700s.
• classified things only by their shared
  characteristics.
• developed the concept of binomial nomenclature
  so scientists speaking and writing different
  languages could communicate clearly.

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• Modern taxonomists also look at evolutionary
  relationships between animals.

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A branching diagram can show the relationship
between organisms.
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Organisms that are more closely related are
closer together on the branching diagram.
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• When living things are classified, they get a
  scientific name.
• The scientific name is the same anywhere in the
  world.

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• Scientific names are usually Latin or Greek.
• The scientific name is always the Genus and
  species name together.
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• The Genus is always written first and
  capitalized.
• The species is second and is always lowercase.

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• The scientific name is always italicized or
  underlined.
• Ex Felis domesticus
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• Scientists can use a dichotomous key to identify
  unknown organisms.

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DOMAINS

• Archaea Bacteria
  Eukarya

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KINGDOMS

• Archaebacteria
• Eubacteria
• Protista
• Fungi
• Plantae
• Animalia

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• Bacteria are prokaryotic, meaning they do not
  have nuclei.
• All other living things are eukaryotic and have
  true nuclei.

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• Archaebacteria live in extreme environments (very
  hot or cold)
• They have been on the earth about 3 billion
  years.
• Most bacteria are in kingdom Eubacteria.
• Bacteria are either helpful or harmful living
  everywhere on
• earth.

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Kingdom Protista

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• Kingdom Protista consists of unicellular simple
  multicellular organisms.
• Protists are organisms that are not plants,
  animals or fungi

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Kingdom Plantae

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• Plants are usually green and make food by
  photosynthesis
• They are complex, multicellular organisms

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Kingdom Fungi

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• They absorb food from their surroundings.
• Fungi are usually multicellular (except yeast).

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Kingdom Animalia

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• Most move around and have nervous systems.
• Animals are complex and multicellular.