Chapter 2 Notes

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Chapter 2 Notes
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• Classification means organizing living things
  into groups based on their similarities.

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• Scientists classify
• living and extinct organisms to make
• them easier to study.

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• Organisms are classified by shared
  characteristics and their relationships between
  one another.

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• The levels of classification go from very general
  to very specific.

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• Domain Did
• Kingdom King
• Phylum Philip
• Class The 8 levels Come
• Order Over
• Family From
• Genus Great
• Species Spain

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• The science of classifying organisms is called
  taxonomy.

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• Taxonomy was founded by Linneaus in the 1700s.
  He classified things only by their shared
  characteristics.

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• Modern taxonomists also look at evolutionary
  relationships between animals.

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• A branching diagram can show the relationships
  between organisms.

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• Organisms that are more closely related are
  closer together on the branching diagram.

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• When living things are classified, they get a
  scientific name.
• The scientific name is the same anywhere in the
  world.

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• Scientific names are usually Latin or Greek. The
  scientific name is always the genus and species
  name together.

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• The genus is always written first and
  capitalized. The species is second and is always
  lower case.

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• The scientific name is always italicized or
  underlined.
• Ex. Felis domesticus

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• Scientists can use a dichotomous key to identify
  unknown organisms.
• Pg.52

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• Scientists use 6 kingdoms.
• Archaebacteria
• Eubacteria
• Protista
• Plantae
• Fungi
• Animalia

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• Bacteria are prokaryotic, meaning they do not
  have nuclei.
• All other living things are eukaryotic and have
  nuclei

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• Archaebacteria live in extreme environments (very
  hot or cold)
• They have been on the earth for about 3 billion
  years.

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• Most bacteria are in kingdom Eubacteria.
• They live in many places all over the earth and
  even inside other organisms.

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• Kingdom Protista consists of unicellular simple
  multicellular organisms.

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• Protista includes organisms that are not plants,
  animals or fungi

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• Kingdom Plantae Plants are usually green and make
  food by photosynthesis
• They are complex, multicellular organisms

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• Kingdom Fungi They absorb food from their
  surroundings.
• Fungi are usually multicellular (except yeast).

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• Kingdom Animalia Most move around and have
  nervous systems.
• Animals are complex and multicellular.