Warm UP- page 36

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Warm UP- page 36

• 1. How does our system of sensing smell differ
  from our sensory system for vision, touch and
  taste?
• 2. Can you recall a time when, with you attention
  focused on some activity, you felt no pain from a
  wound or injury?
• 3. What is the gate control theory? Give an
  example of how it would be used?
• 4. How are your senses of smell and taste
  connected?
• 5. What sense is associated with the Olfactory
  Bulbs?

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Chapter 6 Perception
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Perception

• Selective Attention the focus of conscious
  awareness on a particular stimulus.

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Selective Attention

• The most famous example to illustrate selective
  attention is known as the cocktail party effect.

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Testing Selective Attention
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Perception

• Visual Capture refers to the tendency for vision
  to dominate the other senses.

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Perceptual Organization

• Gestalt an organized whole.
• Gestalt psychologists emphasize humans
  tendencies to integrate pieces of information
  into meaningful wholes.
• Things are not seen as sum of parts but
  immediately as wholes.

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Gestalt
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Perceptual Organization

• Figure-Ground Relationship tendency to organize
  information into objects (figure) that stand out
  from their background(ground)

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Figure Ground Relationship
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Gestalt Psychology

• Grouping the perceptual tendency to organize
  stimuli into coherent groups
• Grouping Principles
• Proximity
• Similarity
• Continuity
• Closure
• Connectedness

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Proximity tendency to group nearby figures
together

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Similarity tendency to group figures that are
similar

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Continuity tendency to perceive continuous
patterns

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Closure tendency to fill in the gaps in visual
information.

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Connectedness spots, lines and areas are seen
as unit when connected

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Illusionary Contours We constantly filter
information so it makes sense to us.
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Depth Perception

• Depth Perception the ability to see objects in
  three dimensions. Allows us to gauge distance.
• Visual Cliff illustrated that crawling infants
  and newborns perceive depth.

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Types of Depth Perception

• Binocular Cues depth cues that rely on the use
  of two eyes.
• Examples of Binocular Cues
• Retinal Disparity idea that images of an object
  from the two eyes differ. The closer the object,
  the larger the difference (disparity.)
• Convergence extent to which the eyes converge
  inward when looking at an object that brain keeps
  track of to measure distance.

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Types of Depth Perception

• Monocular Cues distance cues that are available
  to either eye alone. Often used in art.
• Examples of Monocular Cues
• Relative size smaller image is more distant
• Interposition closer object blocks distant
  object
• Relative Clarity hazy object seen as more
  distant
• Texture coarseclose finedistant

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Types of Depth Perception

• Examples of Monocular Cues Continued
• Relative Height higher objects seen as more
  distant
• Relative Motion closer objects seem to move
  faster
• Linear Perspective parallel lines converge with
  distance
• Relative Brightness closer objects appear
  brighter
• Light and Shadow nearby objects reflect more
  light to our eyes.

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Monocular Cue?
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Monocular Cue?
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Monocular Cue?

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What Cues Do You See?
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How many Legs?
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Perceptual Constancy

• Perceptual Constancy perceiving objects as
  unchanging despite changes in retinal image
• color
• shape
• size

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Interplay Between Perceived Size and Distance

• Using monocular cues for distance can often cause
  us to perceive incorrect information.

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Diameter of Circles Are the Same
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Muller-Lyer Illusion
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Warm Up

• On the overhead
• Page 39

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Cultural Influences on Depth Perception

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Impossible Image
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Impossible Staircase
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• Day 2

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Sensory Deprivation and Perception

• Blind Person Example
• Some aspects of perception might be innate
• Others involve experiences
• Critical period for development of sensation and
  perception

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Sensory Deprivation and Perception

• Kittens raised without exposure to horizontal
  lines later had difficulty perceiving horizontal
  bars.

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Perceptual Adaptation

• Perceptual Adaptation
• (vision) ability to adjust to an artificially
  displaced visual field
• prism glasses

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• http//jeffmilner.com/backmasking.htm

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Perceptual Interpretation

• Perceptual Set a mental predisposition to
  perceive one thing and not another.
• What you see in the middle is influenced by if
  you looked at bottom or the top

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Lochness Monster or a Tree Trunk?
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Perceptual Set Affects Other Senses

• Perceptual Set also affects other senses like
  audition.
• Ex eel is on the wagon vs. eel is on the
  orange.
• CONTEXT MATTERS!
• Rat Man
• Lyrics

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Perception and the Human Factor

• Human Factors Psychologists- explore how people
  and machines interact and how machines and
  environments can be adapted to human behaviors

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Is there Extrasensory Perception?

• Extrasensory Perception claim that perception
  can occur apart from sensory input.
• Astrological predictions, psychic healing,
  communication with the dead
• Telepathy- mind to mind
• Clairvoyance- perceiving remote events
• Precognition- perceiving future events
• Psychokinesis- mind over matter
• Example- light as a feather stiff as a board

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Is there Extrasensory Perception?

• Parapsychology study of paranormal phenomenon,
  including ESP and psycho kinesis.
• Research
• Psychics not accurate
• More predictions- police work
• Vague predictions
• Lottery
• No experiment has EVER produced a convincible
  demonstration of ESP

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Psi Phenomenon

• Blinking lights give the illusion of motion