Social%20Psychology

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Social Psychology
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Social Thinking

• Attribution Theory
• tendency to give a causal explanation for
  someones behavior, often by crediting either

the situation or
the persons disposition
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Social Thinking

• Fundamental Attribution Error
• when explaining anothers behavior, we tend to
  underestimate the impact of the situation and to
  overestimate the impact of personal disposition

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Social Thinking

• How we explain someones behavior affects how we
  react to it

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Attribution

• Interestingly, people do more the opposite when
  attributing successes or failures to themselves
  (we blame the situation more than ourselves).

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Social Influence

• Normative Social Influence
• influence resulting from a persons desire to
  gain approval or avoid disapproval
• Leads toConformity
• adjusting ones behavior or thinking to coincide
  with a group standard

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Social Influence - concepts

• Informational Social Influence
• influence resulting from ones willingness to
  accept others opinions about reality
• Leads To Norms
• an understood rule for accepted and expected
  behavior
• prescribes proper behavior

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Social Influence
Asch Conformity Experiment

• click above for a clip!

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Social Influence

• Participants judged which person in Slide 2 was
  the same as the person in Slide 1

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Obedience

• Stanley Milgram People conform, but will they
  simply obey others?

65 of Milgrams teachers did!
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A Shocking Experiment

• Over 400 volts!!

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(No Transcript)
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Social Influence

• Milgrams experiment

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Obedience is higher when

• Person giving the orders is perceived as a legit
  Authority figure. (prof., cop, etc)
• orderer supported by a prestigious institute
  (Yale, Government, etc)
• Victim is depersonalized or distant (no name,
  in another room, etc)
• No role models for defiance

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Stanford Prison Experiment

• Philip Zimbardo Will students take on the role
  of prison guard and prisoner?

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• Guards began abusing the prisoners

• Experiment was ended after only 6 days!

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Social Influencesomebodys watching me

• Social Impairment
• People tend to perform WORSE on difficult or new
  tasks in the presence of others

• Social Facilitation
• People tend to perform simple/well-learned tasks
  BETTER in the presence of others

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Social Influencesomebodys helping me

• Social Loafing
• People in groups exert less effort when working
  toward a common goal than when working
  individually

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Deindividuation

• The loss of self awareness and self restrain
• Occurring in group situations

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Social Relations

• Bystander Effect
• tendency for any given bystander to be less
  likely to give aid if other bystanders are
  present

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Kitty Genovese Case

• Repeatedly stabbed while 38 people watched from
  their apartments and did nothing!

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Social Relations why prejudice social bias?

• In-group Bias
• tendency to favor ones own group and dislike or
  blame things on another out-group

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• Scapegoat Theory
• Taking responsibility often causes people too
  much dissonance
• Better to blame others (maybe even an
  out-group)

• prejudice provides an outlet for anger by
  providing someone to blame

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• Just-World Phenomenon
• tendency of people to believe the world is just
• people get what they deserve and deserve what
  they get

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Social Relations- What attracts us to others?

• Proximity
• mere exposure effect- repeated exposure to novel
  stimuli increases liking of them
• Physical Attractiveness
• youthfulness may be associated with health and
  fertility
• Similarity
• friends share common attitudes, beliefs, interests

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Attractiveness

• Worldwide, men prefer youth and health, women
  prefer resources and social status

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Social Relations

• Passionate Love
• an aroused state of intense positive absorption
  in another
• usually present at the beginning of a love
  relationship
• Companionate Love
• deep affectionate attachment we feel for those
  with whom our lives are intertwined

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The key to lasting and satisfying relationships

• Equity
• a condition in which people receive from a
  relationship in proportion to what they give to
  it
• Self-disclosure
• revealing intimate aspects of oneself to others
• Altruism
• unselfish regard for the welfare of others