Psychology What makes us Human?

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Psychology What makes us Human?
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Sigmund Freud

• And his theory of motivation

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http//www.funnyordie.com/videos/5459/freud-rap-fr
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Who was he?

• Sigmund Freud was a neurologist (1856-1939) who
  made many contributions to the field of
  psychology
• Freud is most known for his method of
  PSYCHOANALYSIS the patient comes to an
  understanding of his problems by answering a
  series of probing questions from the therapist.
  First, Freud would use hypnosis- by putting the
  conscious to sleep, the problems rooted in the
  subconscious can come to light. The patient will
  wake up and have awareness of his problems. He
  will then be treated with psychoanalysis.

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Freuds motivation theory

• Freud believed that the operation of the brain is
  controlled by three elements
• EGO The conscious part of the mind, the part
  that we are aware of, the part where decisions
  are made
• ID The unconscious part of the mind that seeks
  to bring pleasure to us
• SUPEREGO This is the moral aspect of the mind-
  our conscience- it tells us what we should and
  should not do

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• Basically the id tells us what we want, the
  superego reminds us what we should do and the ego
  makes the decision
• The id and superego are constantly at war. The
  job of the ego is to find a compromise between
  the two

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Example of Dilemma
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• Effects of excessive control of ID too
  self-centred, take what they want, childish,
  inferior
• Effects of excessive control of SUPEREGO too
  other-centred, too proper, worry about how they
  and others should behave, arrogant, superior
• Effects of dominant EGO playful but not
  reckless, responsible but not rigid.

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Oedipus/Electra Complex
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Oedipus/ Electra Complex

• Freud proposed that all children experience a
  desire to have a sexual relationship with their
  parent of the opposite sex. Boys want to have
  sex with their mothers (Oedipus Complex) and
  girls with their fathers (Electra Complex). The
  child wants to eliminate the parent of the same
  sex who stands as a rival for the affections of
  the opposite-sex parent. For example, a young
  boy may wish that his father was dead so that he
  could have his mother to himself.
• This desire comes from the id and therefore is
  unconscious. The superego tries to convince the
  ego to say no. The ego fears the consequences of
  expressing this desire and realizes that these
  drives cannot be satisfied directly. As a
  result, it holds the original sexual feeling
  within the unconscious and seeks partial
  satisfaction for it. The ego gets a bit of
  satisfaction by spending more time with the
  parent of the same sex- the rival. Boys try to b
  as much like their fathers as they can and girls
  try to be as much like their mothers. By being
  similar to the same-sex parent, children can
  vicariously enjoy the love that the opposite sex
  parent expresses for the same sex parent.

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Freudian Slip
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What is it???

• According to Freud, unconscious desires can be
  seen in mistakes while speaking For example
• My son is under the doctors care and should not
  take gym class. Please execute him.
• Please excuse Jimmy for being. It was his
  fathers fault.

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Complex Motivation

• Humans have a variety of factors shaping their
  behaviour

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Ability to Reason

• This has determined human survival and development

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Communication

• Its importance in human progress. We have the
  ability to communicate in a highly sophisticated
  manner using bother verbal and non-verbal methods

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VS
Reason for behaviour that satisfies needs works
towards specific goals. In other wordswhy we do
the things we do!
Motivation

• We all have certain needs- for food, money,
  love ect. If we are deprived of something we
  need, it will arouse a feeling called a drive.
  This drive will make us want to fulfill the need.
  When the need is fulfilled, the drive leaves us.
  Eventually, however, another need will return.
  This pattern is called the MOTIVATION CYCLE. Our
  needs come from both innate and learned
  influences. For example, the need for food would
  be innate while having a beautiful house would be
  learned.

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Another Motivation TheoryMaslows Hierarchy of
Needs
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• In the late 1950s, Abraham Maslow developed a
  hierarchical theory of human needs. Maslow was a
  humanistic psychologist who believed that people
  are not controlled by mechanical forces (the
  stimuli and reinforcement forces of behaviourism)
  or the unconscious instinctual impulses of
  psychoanalysis alone. In other words, he felt
  that Freuds and other scientists theories of
  motivation were lacking. Maslow focused on human
  potential, believing that humans are motivated to
  reach the highest levels of their capabilities.
• Maslow set up a hierarchical theory of needs in
  which all the basic needs are at the bottom, and
  the needs concerned with mans highest potential
  are at the top. The hierarchic theory is often
  represented as a pyramid, with the larger, lower
  levels representing the lower needs, and the
  upper point representing the need for
  self-actualization. Each level of the pyramid is
  dependent on the previous level. For example, a
  person does not feel the second need until the
  demands of the first have been satisfied.

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Rules to his theory

• Needs must be met in order from bottom to top
• A need does not exist until the ones beneath it
  are mastered
• Once we master a need, we can go back and play
  at previous levels

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Level One Survival Needs

• These needs are biological and consist of the
  need for oxygen, food, water, and a relatively
  constant body temperature. These needs are the
  strongest because if deprived, the person would
  die.

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Level Two Safety Security Needs

• Except in times of emergency or periods of
  disorganization in the social structure (such as
  widespread rioting) adults do not experience
  their security needs. Children however, often
  display signs of insecurity and their need to be
  safe.

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Level 3 Social (Love Belonging) Needs

• People have needs to escape feelings of
  loneliness and alienation and give (and receive)
  love, affection, and the sense of belonging.

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Level 4 Ego (Respect Esteem) Needs

• People need a stable, firmly based, high level of
  self-respect, and respect from others in order to
  feel satisfied, self confident, and valuable. If
  these needs are not met, the person feels
  inferior, weak, helpless, and worthless.

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Level 5 Self-Actualization/Fulfillment

• Maslow describes self-actualization as an ongoing
  process. Self-actualizing people are involved in
  a cause outside their own skin. They are
  devoted, work at something something very
  precious to them- some calling or vocation.

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• Maslow believes the only reason that people would
  not move through the needs to self-actualization
  is because of the hindrances placed in their way
  by society. For example, education can be a
  hindrance or can promote personal growth. Maslow
  indicated that the educational process could take
  some of the steps below to promote personal
  growth

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• We should teach people to be authentic to be
  aware of their inner selves and to hear their
  inner-feeling voices
• We should teach people to transcend their own
  cultural conditioning, and become world citizens
• We should help people discover their vocation in
  life, their calling, fate, or destiny. This is
  especially focused upon finding the right career
  and the right mate
• We must see that the persons basic needs are
  satisfied. That includes safety, belongingness
  and esteem needs
• We should refresh consciousness, teaching the
  person to appreciate beauty and the other good
  things in nature and in living.