Biodiesel Use in Engines

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Biodiesel Use in Engines

• John Nowatzki
• Extension Ag Machine Systems Specialist
• North Dakota State University

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Biodiesel Use in Engines

• Use in Engines
• Cold Weather Issues
• Warranties
• Emissions
• Storage

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Biodiesel Fuel Characteristics
Biodiesel B100 Biodiesel B20 Biodiesel B5 Petrodiesel 2
BTU/gal 118,296 127,259 128,200 129,500
Cetane Number 55 50 48
CFPP (winter blend) -10 (winter blend) -26 (winter blend)
Value (BTU content) 2.26 2.43 2.45 2.50
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Biodiesel Use in Engines

• Petroleum diesel 140,000 Btu/gallon
• Biodiesel 130,000 Btu/gallon
• 1.1 Gallons of Biodiesel to do Same Work

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Biodiesel Use in Engines

• Viscosity (Thickness)
• Water - 1 cP (centipoise)
• Summer Blend Diesel - 3 cP
• Biodiesel - 5 cP
• Crude Vegetable Oil 40 cP
• Poor Atomization
• Deposits - Piston Rings, Valves and Injectors.

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Biodiesel Use in Engines

• Solvency
• Removes Deposits in Fuel System
• Plug Fuel Filters
• Deposits to Accumulate in Fuel Tanks

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Biodiesel Use in Engines

• Lubricity
• Mix with Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel
• 1 with No. 2 Diesel
• 2 with No. 1 Diesel

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Cold Weather Issues

• Cold Filter Plugging Point (CFPP)
• Cloud Point
• Soybean Biodiesel 30 F
• No. 1 Diesel -35 F
• When Biodiesel Nears the Cloud Point
• Anti-gel Additives or No. 1 Diesel
• Fuel-Line or In-Tank Heaters
• Insulate Fuel Lines and Filters
• Store Equipment in Heated Buildings

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Engine Warranties

• B5 Blends
• ASTM Standards

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Engine Emissions

• Generally Fewer Harmful Emissions
• Hydrocarbon - 67 percent less
• Particulate Matter and Carbon Monoxide
• 48 percent less
• Nitrogen Oxide 10 percent more
• Carbon Dioxide 60 percent Less

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Storing Biodiesel

• 6-12 Months
• Cold Storage Big Problem!
• High Solvency Loosens Tank Deposits
• Prevent Water Contamination
• Store in Dark Conditions
• Analyze if Stored for Longer Period

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Summary

• Excellent Fuel for Diesel Engines
• 8 Less Energy
• Fewer Harmful Emissions
• Higher Viscosity
• Some Solvency Problems
• Good Lubricating Qualities
• Serious Cold Weather Issues

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More Information
John Nowatzki Extension Ag Machine Systems
Specialist North Dakota State University Telepho
ne 701-231-8213 Email John.Nowatzki_at_ndsu.edu h
ttp//www.ag.ndsu.nodak.edu/abeng/energy_efficienc
y