COLD WAR

1
COLD WAR
2
Three types of war

• Hot War The term for actual warfare. All talks
  have failed and the armies are fighting.
• Warm War Talks are still going on and there
  will always be a chance of a peaceful outcome but
  Armies, Navies etc. are being fully mobilized and
  war plans are being put into operation ready for
  the command to fight.
• Cold War This term is used to describe the
  relationship between America and the Soviet Union
  from 1945 to 1980. Neither side ever fought the
  other - the consequences would be too appalling -
  but they did fight for their beliefs using
  client states who fought for their beliefs on
  their behalf e.g.

3
U.S.A. Vs U.S.S.R.

• U.S.A.
• Free elections
• Democratic
• Capitalist
• Survival of the fittest
• Richest world power
• Personal freedom
• Freedom of the media

• Soviet Union
• No elections or fixed
• Autocratic / Dictatorship
• Communist
• Everybody helps everybody
• Poor economic base
• Society controlled by the NKVD (secret police)

4
Cold War Begins

• This lack of mutually understanding an alien
  culture, would lead the world down a very
  dangerous path - Berlin, Korea, Hungary, Cuba,
  Vietnam and the Arms Race. It also lead to the
  development of weapons of awesome destructive
  capability and the creation of
• some intriguing policies such as MAD - Mutually
  Assured Destruction.

5
Germany - Divided

• Germany, which had been ruled by the Hitler and
  the Nazis until their defeat in 1945 was split in
  two.
• The western side became West Germany and the
  eastern side became East Germany.
• East Germany became another communist country.

6
Winston Churchill - The Sinews of Peace March
5, 1946 - Westminster College, Fulton, Missouri
From Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the
Adriatic, an iron curtain has descended across
the Continent. Behind that line lie all the
capitals of the ancient states of Central and
Eastern Europe. Warsaw, Berlin, Prague, Vienna,
Budapest, Belgrade, Bucharest and Sofia, all
these famous cities and the populations around
them lie in what I must call the Soviet sphere,
and all are subject in one form or another, not
only to Soviet influence but to a very high and,
in many cases, increasing measure of control from
Moscow.Whatever conclusions may be drawn from
these facts - and facts they are - this is
certainly not the Liberated Europe we fought to
build up. Nor is it one which contains the
essentials of permanent peace. What is needed
is a settlement, and the longer this is delayed,
the more difficult it will be and the greater our
dangers will become. From what I have seen of
our Russian friends and Allies during the war, I
am convinced that there is nothing they admire so
much as strength, and there is nothing for which
they have less respect than for weakness,
especially military weakness.
7
By 1948, every Eastern European country was
under communist control
American Response Truman Doctrine statement
of President Truman that promised military and
economic support to nations threatened by
communism

• In 1947, the U.S. gave 400 million to Greece
  and Turkey in order to help them put down
  communist revolts.

8
Aid for Europe
Secretary of State George Marshall toured
Western Europe and witnessed widespread
homelessness and famine.
Children in a London suburb, waiting outside the
wreckage of what was their home. September 1940.
9
Opposing Alliances
In 1949, the U.S. formed an alliance with
friendly European countries called the North
Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO).
The members of NATO would defend each other
against any Soviet aggression.
10
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (1949)

• United States
• Belgium
• Britain
• Canada
• Denmark
• France
• Iceland
• Italy

• Luxemburg
• Netherlands
• Norway
• Portugal
• 1952 Greece Turkey
• 1955 West Germany
• 1983 Spain

11
In 1955, the Soviet Union formed its own
military alliance called the Warsaw Pact.
The Warsaw Pact was made up of Eastern European
countries dominated by Soviet control.
12
Warsaw Pact (1955)

• U. S. S. R.
• Albania
• Bulgaria
• Czechoslovakia

• East Germany
• Hungary
• Poland
• Rumania

13
The Korean War 1950-1953
14
The Berlin Wall 1961
15
The Cuban Missile Crisis 1962
16
The Vietnam War c.1963-1975