Hematologic System

1
Hematologic System

• Chapter 15

2
Definition

• Hematologic System encompasses the production of
  blood and the transport of blood throughout the
  body.

3
Fxns of Blood

• Blood supplies body tissues with
• Oxygen
• Nutrients
• And various chemicals
• Blood Transports
• Waste products to organs for removal
• Blood also
• Plays role in endocrine and immune system

4
Structures of Blood

• Blood is formed in the bone marrow
• Hematopoiesis
• To identify components
• Draw blood remove
• Add anticoagulant keeps from clotting
• EDTA, heparin

• Liquid portion
• Serum
• Plasma
• Clotting proteins
• Fats
• Formed Elements
• Erythrocytes
• Reticulocyte
• Macrophage
• Leukocyte
• Clotting Cells
• Thromocyte

5
Test me Blood

• Blood Smear
• Blood specimen on microscope slide
• Bone Marrow biopsy

6
Pathology Hematologic System

• Anemia
• Less than normal levels of red blood cells
• Edema
• Accumulation of fluid in the intercelluar space
• Hemorrhage
• Loss of blood (in a short period of time)
• Leukemia
• Elevation in the number of maligant white blood
  cells

7
Lymphatic System

• Fxns
• Part of the immune system
• Returns excess lymph to the blood
• Absorbs fats and fat soluble vitamins

8
Lymphatic Structures

• Lymph Fluid
• Interstitial fluid
• Baths and nourishes cells between organ
• Lymph
• Formed when interstitial fluid moves into
  capillaries
• Brings nutrients and hormones to cells and
  carries waste away
• Always goes towards the thoracic cavity
• Lymph Vessels
• Similar to veins (have valves to prevent back
  flow)
• Lymph Nodes
• Bean shaped structures
• Filter Lymph (waste products etc) to remove
  viruses
• Cells are destroyed here by B and T cells
• Located throughout the body

9
Lymphatic Structures continued

• Tonsils
• Masses of lymphatic tissue
• Protect nose and cranial (upper) throat portions
• Described according to location
• Spleen
• Located in the cranial abdomen
• Filters material from the blood
• Stores red blood cells
• Maintains balance of cells and plasma in the
  blood
• Thymus
• Immune fxn
• Develops T cells

10
Immune System

• Fxn
• Protects the body from harmful substances
• Encompasses many structures throughout the body
• Specialized Cells
• Lymphocyte (T and B)
• White blood cell, involved in response works
  against antigens
• Located in spleen, thymus, bone marrow
• T Lymphocytes circulate, produced in bone
  marrow, Kills organisms on contact
• Plasma cell / Plasmocytes
• Produces and secretes specific antibody for
  specific antigen (foreign material)

11
Immune Response Overview
12
Pathology Immune/Lymphatic

• Allergy
• Overreaction by the body to a particular anitgen
• Anaphylazis
• Severe response to a foreign substance
• Autoimmune Disease
• Body makes antibodies directed toward itself
• Immunosuppression
• Reduction or decrease in the state of resistance
  (more likely to get sick)

13
Oncology

• Study of tumors
• Malignant cancerous
• Metastasis pathogenic growth in different sites
  of body
• Benign non- cancerous
• Tumorneoplasm abnormal rapid growth of cells
• Tumors described by appearance
• Pedunculated stalk bearing
• Well-circumscribed defined boarders
• Invasive spreading without boarders

14
Oncology

• Procedures
• Chemotherapy
• Radiation Therapy
• Surgical excision
• Pathology
• Blastoma neoplasm of undifferentiated cells
• Lymphoma neoplasm composed of lymphoid tissue
• Melanoma neoplasm of melanin-pigmented cells
• Osteosarcoma malignant neoplasm composed of bone

15
Activities Chapter 15

• Explanation of blood structures and elements
  Fig15-1
• Diagram of lymph nodes (location) and what they
  are responsible for Fig 15-9
• Pictorial representation of immune system
  response
• Define terminology used when discussing the
  immune system pg 323