Preliminary Ontological Structure for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles

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Preliminary Ontological Structure for Unmanned
Aerial Vehicles

• Michael D. Moskal II William C. Hughes

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Outline
Objective Develop an extensible ontology to
classify and maintain a list of features for
unmanned aerial vehicles

• Existing ontologies
• Class definitions
• Platform Qualities
• Sensor Qualities
• Ontology Overview
• Potential Applications
• Extensions and Future Work

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Existing Ontologies
Benjamin Schumann, J.S., Hans Fangohr, Mario
Ferraro, A Generic Unifying Ontology for Civil
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Missions, 2012, American
Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics.
Preece, A., An Ontology-Based Approach to
Assigning Sensor Tasks. 2007.

• Matches sensors to task for ISR (Intelligence,
  Surveillance, and Reconnaissance) Missions
• Very limited scope and focuses heavily on sensor
  capabilities

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Platform Selection
MQ-1 Predator MQ-1C Grey Eagle RQ-4 Global Hawk RQ-5 Hunter
RQ-11 Raven RQ-170 Sentinel QF-4 Phantom ScanEagle
MQ-9 Reaper CQ-10 Snowgoose MQ-8 Fire Scout K-Max
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Platform Qualities

• Designed Platform Quality
• Endurance
• Flight Envelope
• Fuel Capacity
• Equipment Mount Location
• Belly Mount
• Custom
• Nose
• Wing
• Operating Height
• Payload Capacity
• Signatures
• Infrared
• Noise
• Optical
• Radar
• Stealth Operating Height
• Takeoff/Landing Procedure
• Velocity

• Effective Platform Quality
• Effective Endurance
• Effective Flight Envelope
• Effective Operating Height
• Effective Payload Capacity
• Effective Signatures
• Effective Infrared
• Effective Noise
• Effective Optical
• Effective Radar
• Effective Velocity
• Effective Standard Cruising Velocity
• Effective Maximum Safe Operating Velocity

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Equipment

• Equipment
• Communication Device
• Radio
• Fiber Optics
• Laser
• Dispensable Equipment
• Fire Suppressant
• Kinetic Weapon
• Pesticide
• Navigation Device
• Inertial Navigation
• LORAN C
• NAVSTAR GPS
• Radio Tracking
• TACAN
• Way-Point Navigation
• Non-Dispensable Equipment
• Public Address System
• Radar Confusion

• Sensor Quality
• Range of Vision
• Mode
• Image Processing
• IR Processing
• Video Processing
• Horizontal Rotation
• Lens Zoom
• Mount Placement
• Vertical Rotation
• Weight

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Ontology Rules

• Platform Rules
• Platform prescribes some Design Quality
• Platform has_quality some Effective Quality
• Platform has_equipment exactly 1 Navigation
  Device
• Platform has_equipment exactly 1 Communication
  Device
• Platform has_equipment some (Dispensable
  Equipment or Non-Dispensable Equipment)
• Logic Rules
• has_equipement Kinetic Weapon Equivalent To High
  Speed Attack UAV
• High Speed Attack UAV Equivalent To has_function
  High Speed Attack

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Snapshot of Ontology
Property Domain Range
Has_equipment Platform Equipment
Has_function Platform Function
Has_mode Sensor Mode
Has_quality - Effective Quality
Has_task Mission Task
Prescribes - Design Quality
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Project Architecture
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Routing
UAV Area of Operation
START
Macro grid (3,2)
(0,4) (1,4) (2,4) (3,4) (4,4)
(0,3) (1,3) (2,3) (3,3 (4,3)
(0,2) (1,2) (2,2) (3,2) (4,2)
(0,1) (1,1) (2,1) (3,1) (4,1)
(0,0) (1,0) (2,0) (3,0) (4,0)
Ingress Edge from (3,3)
0.1 0.2 0.1 0.5
0.4 0.1 0.7 0.1
0.6 0.4 0.7 0.4
0.3 0.8 0.2 0.1
Egress Edge to (3,1)
END
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Mission Readiness Tool

• Given a fleet of UAVs, a mission planner can
  efficiently task platforms for missions
• Mission readiness can be quantified based on
  platform and equipment availability
• Selected platform data can be sent to operators
  and optimization suites

Routing Sensor Tasking Bandwidth Optimization
Platform Quality Endurance Flight Envelope Fuel Capacity Operating Height Stealth Operating Height Takeoff/Landing Procedure Velocity Standard Cruising Velocity Maximum Safe Operating Velocity Sensor Quality Range of Vision Mode Image Processing IR Processing Video Processing Horizontal Rotation Lens Zoom Mount Placement Vertical Rotation Radio Quality Band Name (Frequency)
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Extensions and Future Work

• Develop missions and tasks
• Expand the ontology to include civilian domain
  platforms
• Add more detail to existing classes, more
  equipment properties
• Develop a tool to query feasible platforms for
  flight craft
• SPARQL queries linking the ontology to a user
  interface

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Questions?