Title: ??? ??? Antibiotics
1????
??????? ??56
2??? ??? Antibiotics
3? ?
- 1.?????
- 2.?????
- 3.?????
- 4.???????
- 5.?????
4?????
- ?????????????????,???????????????,?????????
???????
5?????
- 1.????????
- 2.?????
- 3.?????????????
6?????
7??????
- 1.?????
- 2.??????
- 3.?????
- 4.?????
- 5.???????
- 6.??????
8????????
- 1.?????????
- 2. ?????????
- 3. ???????
- 4. ??????????
9?????
10??????????
- 1.ß-???????
- 2.???????
- 3.????????
- 4.????????
- 5.???????
11 ??? ß-??????? (ß-Lactam
Antibiotics)
ß-????????????????ß-?????????ß-???????????????
??????,???????,ß- ???????????????,????????
12???ß-???????(ß-Lactam Antibiotics)
- ?????????????
- 1. ?-?????????
13ß-?????????
- ????(Penicillins)
- ?????(Cephalosporins)
- ????ß-???????
- (?????????????????ß-???)
14????????
15ß-???????????
???? ?????
?????
???? ??ß-????
16ß-???????????
172. ß-??????????????
18????
19?????????????
203. ß-???????????
- ß-??????????????,??????????D-???-D-???(D-Al
a-D-Ala)???????,???????,????????D-Ala-D-Ala,??????
??????????,???????????
213. ß-???????????
22??????(Penicillins)
?????
???G
???X
23???N
???K
24???V
25???? Benzylpenicillin Sodium (?)?????
(2S,5R,6R)-3,3-???-6-(2-?????)-7-
??-4-??-1-????3.2.0??-2-????
26???? Benzylpenicillin Sodium (?)?????
???Monosodium (2S,5R,6R)-3,3-dimethyl-7-o
xo-6-(2-phenylacetyl)amino-4-thia-1-azabicyclo3
.2.0 heptane-2-carboxylic acid
27(?)??
- 1928?,???????,???????,47?,???????
- 1938?,???????????????????????,?????? ???
- 1940?,????
- 1943?,?????,??????
- 20??80???,?????????
28(?)????
- ??????????????????????????????????(??)?
- ????
- 1. ?????????,??????????,???????,??CO2,????
??
29??????
302. ?????
-
- ????O????e????????ß-????,?????,??????????
,?????????????
31?????
323. ??????(ß-????,????)
- ??????ß-??????,?????,????CO2,???????
33?????
34??????HgCl2??????????
?????
HgCl2
???
???
354. ???
- ?????????,????????ß-??????,????????????(???
??)
36????
????
37 (?)????
- ß-???????????????????
- 1.??????????ß-???????????????????????????
- 2.??????????????????????ß-??????????,??????????
38(?)????????
39(?)???????
- ????????????,??????????????????????????????
40(?)??????
- 1.???
- 2.???
- 3.????
- 4.????
41??????
- ????????
- 1.?????
- 2.?????
- 3.?????
421. ?????
- ?????????V????,????????????????,??????????
?G,????????????????????G????6??????????,??????,???
????????,????????????ß-???????,?????????,?????????
???????a???O?N?X???????????
43 ???? ????
????
442. ?????
45(No Transcript)
46????
????
47 ??????
48????
??????? ??56
49???
????
50????? oxacillin sodium
(2S,5R,6R)-3,3-???-6-(5-??-3-??-4-???????)-7-??-4-
??-1-????3.2.0??-2-????????
513. ?????
???N ????
????
????
????
52 ????????????????????????,????????,????????????
????
????
????
53???? ????
????
54???? Amoxicillin
- (2S,5R,6R)-3,3-???-6-(R)-(-)-2-??-2-(4-????)?
???-7-??-4-??-1-????3.2.0??-2-????????????????
55?????
56????(???????)?????????????????,?????????,??2,5-???
?????????????????? ?
57????????
58 1. 6??????????????????,???????????????????,
????????a??????-NH2 ? -COOH?-SO3H??????,??????????
????????????????????
59- 2. ??????????????????,????????????????6??????????
???????????ß-??????????,??ß-??????ß-??????,???????
??
60?????????
6-?????? 6-APA
61?????????
62????????
- ??6-APA?,????????????,??????????????????????
????????????,????????,???,??????(pH6.57.0)?????
???????????????????????DCC??????6-APA?????????
?,?N,N'-??????(DCC)??????
63????????
64????
65(No Transcript)
66????
??????? ??56
67???? Benzylpenicillin Sodium
(2S,5R,6R)-3,3-???-6-(2-?????)-7-
??-4-??-1-????3.2.0??-2-????
681. ?????
- ?????????V????,????????????????,??????????
?G,????????????????????G????6??????????,??????,???
????????,????????????ß-???????,?????????,?????????
???????a???O?N?X???????????
692. ?????
- ??????????????????,????????????????6?????
????????????????ß-??????????,??ß-??????ß-??????,??
???????
70 3. ?????
6??????????????????,???????????????????,???
?????a??????-NH2 ? -COOH?-SO3H??????,?????????????
?????????????????
71- ????????????????????????,????????,???????
?????
72????????
73???????(Cephalosporins)
- (?)???????
- ????????????????(Cephalosporium)???????
??-??????????????,????????????C,????C?????????????
?????????????????????,??????????
74 ????C (Cephalosporin C)
7-?????? (7-ACA)
D-?-?????
75(No Transcript)
76?????????? ???????-?????????????????
?????? 1????lt???
2?C2-C3????N1???????
77???????
78(?)?????????????????
7-??????
7-???????????
79????
??????? ??56
80???????
???????
1.???????????,????? 2.?b-???????? 3.????????? 4.??
???????
81 ???????? 1.????????????????? 2.???????
????????? 3.?b-???????? 4.???????? 5.?????
82 ???????? 1.????????????????? 2.????????
????? 3.????????????????? 4.?b-??????? 5.????????
6.?????
83- ???????,????? ????????????????
84??????? ?7-??????(7-ACA)??????????
85?????????????
- 1. 7????????????????,????????,???????????
???? - 2. 7?????????????ß-?????????
- 3. ???S?????????,???????????????
- 4. 3????????????,???????????????
86(No Transcript)
87 ? 7??????????
???? (Cefapirin)
????( Cefalothin)
????( Cefacetrile)
88 ????( Cefazolin) ????(
Cefaloridine)
89 ?7????a????????
?.
????
90???? (Cefalexin) ????? (Cefadroxil) ????(
Cefradinel)
91 ????
92? C-7????
93????( Cefuroxime)
94?????Cefuroxime Axetil
???
952-???????
????(Cefotaxime)
????(Ceftizoxime)
????(Ceftriaxone)
????(Ceftazidime)
96????(Cefoperazone)
????(Cefixime)
????(Ceftibuten)
????(Cefdinir)
97????
??????? ??56
98?2?????,??????????
?????(Cefpodoxime proxetil)
99?3?????????
????(Cefpirom)
????(Cefepime)
????(Cefozopran) ????(Cefoselis)
100 ?7??????????
????
101?5?S?-O-,-CH2-???,???????????????
????
102(?)????????????
103(?)?????
????Cefalexin
???(6R,7R)-3-??-7-(R)-2-??-2-?????
-8-??-5-??-1-????4.2.0?-2-?-2-??
???????,?????
104????? cefotaxime sodium
???(6R,7R)-3-(????)??-7-(2-??-4-???)-(?????)??
??-8-??-5-??-1-????4.2.0?-2-?-2-????
105???????,?G-??????
??OCH3,????????? 2-????????PBP???,?????? ?????? ??
??gt ??40-100?,??????, ????????????
106??????ß-???????ß-???????(Nonclassical ßLactam
Antibiotics and ßLactamase Inhibitors)
- ????ß-?????????
- (?)?????
- (?)????
- (?)??????
- (?)???ß-????
107(?)????????
- ????? Clavulanate Potassium
???(Z)-(2S,5R)-3-(2-????)-7-??-4-??-1-
????3.2.0??-2-???
108?????????
109 110(?)??ß-????
??? ???? ????
111????
??????? ??56
112??? ???????(Tetracycline Antibiotics)
- ????????????????? ?????,???????????????????
?,?????????????
113 ?????????????????
???????,G?G-?????????????????
?????????????????????Mn?????????
114(No Transcript)
115???
Tetracycline
-
- 6-??-4-(????)-3,6,10,12,12a-???-1,11-???-
- 1,4,4a,5,5a,6,11,12a-??-2-??????
116 ??? ????
- ????Ar10-OH?C3-OH???
- C4 N- ??? ????
- ?????,?HCl??
- ???????????????????????,?????????????????????,?
?????
117??? ????
- 1.?????
- ??????,???????C-6?????C-5a????????,??
????????????C-6?????C-5a???????????,??????????????
??
1181.?????
119- ?pH2-6???,C-4??????????????????,????????
120(No Transcript)
121- 2.?????
- ??????,??OH-???,C-6??????????,?C-11????
?????,?????,C???,?????????????????
1222.?????
123- 3.?????????
- ??????????????????????????,???????????????
??????????????????????????,??????????????????????
?
1243.????????
125??? ???????? (Aminoglycoside Antibiotics)
- ?????????????????????????????????????,?
????????????1,3-???????(???),2-?????,?????????????
???????????
126 ??????????? ?????????????????
???????,G?G-???????? ???
?????????????????
127???
????N-???????????
?1????2????1???
128??? ????????(Macrolide Antibiotics)
- ????????????????????????,????????????????
????????????????????????????6-???????????
129- ????G???G- ???????????????????,???????????????
????,???????? - ??????????????????
130 ??? Erythromycin
- ?????1952???????????????,?????A?B?C??????A
???????,C?????,??A?1/5,?????5?,B??????????????????
?????A,?????????????
131????
??????? ??56
132- ???????????????????????????????????14
?????,???,????????????,9???????,C-3?C-5?C-6?C-12??
????,????C-3????????????,C-5??????????????
133??? Erythromycin
134 ???? ???????,???? ???????,???????,P
H7?? ????H?C9O?C6-OH??????
135(No Transcript)
136- ?????????????????
- ??????,????
- ??????????????(???)?
- ????????????????-OH????????(???),???
137(No Transcript)
138??????
?C9 O ?C6 -OH??? C-9O?C-6-OH??????,??
????C-9O????C9N??? ??????14?
????C9O????,C9N-OH ?????,???15?,????,
????
???? C6-OH?????
139????Roxithromycin
140????Azithromycin
141???????
- ???????????,???????????????,????????,??????
??? ????????????????????????,?????????????????????
??,?????????
142 143??? ??????? (Miscellaneous Antibiotics)
- ????????
- (Chloramphenicol and its Derivatives)
??? ????
?????
?????
144??? Chloramphenicol
- D-??-(-)-N-a-(????)-ß-????????-2,2-?????
145????????
D(-) L() D(-) L() ??? ???
??? ???
146- ????????????????????????1R,2R(-)?D(-)?????
????,???????????????????????????,??????????
147??????