Organic Molecules

1
Organic Molecules

• There are 4 organic molecules
• Carbohydrates
• Lipids
• Proteins
• Nucleic Acids
• These are also called macromolecules

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YES, draw this!
Macromolecule Concept Map
Organic (Carbon) Compounds
are categorized as
Are made of
Are made of
Are made of
Are made of
Macro means LARGE
3
Carbohydrates

• Carbohydrate Organic compound containing
  Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen with a ratio of 121
• Carbohydrates are basically sugars and starches.
• Most of an organisms energy come from
  carbohydrates!

4
Carbohydrates Continued

• Monosaccharides are simple sugar molecules.
• Examples This is glucose, galactose and
  fructose.
• Glucose is
• 1 2 1
• Many monosaccharides together make up
  polysaccharides. This is the excess sugar that we
  store as glycogen that can turn into fat

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Write these Video Questions answer them while
you watch the video clip.

• 1. Sugars belong to a class of chemicals called
  ___.
• 2. What is glucose made-up of?
• 3. What is a good example of a very long polymer
  of glucose called ___.
• 4. Starches are nothing more than very long
  chains of
• ____.

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Carbohydrate Video Clip
Video
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Macromolecule Concept Map
Lets fill in the chart!
Organic (Carbon) Compounds
are categorized as
Are made of
Are made of
Are made of
Are made of
Macro means LARGE
8
Lipids

• This is FAT.
• Lipids these are used to store energy.
• They are found in cell membranes.
• Fats, oils, waxes
• Also water proofs

Video
9
Macromolecule Concept Map
Lets fill in the chart!
Organic (Carbon) Compounds
are categorized as
Are made of
Are made of
Are made of
Are made of
Macro means LARGE
10
Nucleic Acids

• Made up of Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen,
  Phosphorus
• Nucleic acids store and transmit hereditary or
  genetic information.

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Nucleic Acids Continued

• Nucleotides consist of a 5 carbon sugar, a
  phosphate group and a nitrogen base.
• 2 types Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)
• Ribonucleic Acid (RNA)

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Video Questions

• 1. Nucleic acids are made up of long chains of
  subunits called ____.
• 2. Chromosomes contain huge molecules called
  deoxyribonucleic acid also known as ___.

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Nucleic Acids Video Clip
Video
14
Macromolecule Concept Map
Lets fill in the chart!
Organic (Carbon) Compounds
are categorized as
Are made of
Are made of
Are made of
Are made of
Macro means LARGE
15
Proteins

• Proteins are composed of smaller units called
  amino acids.
• Amino Acids Are small compounds that are made
  of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and hydrogen.

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Proteins

• Activation Energy The minimum amount of energy
  needed for reactants to form products in a
  chemical reactions.

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Proteins

• A catalyst, as well as an enzyme, is a substance
  that lowers the activation energy needed to start
  a chemical reaction.
• Catalysts speeds up chemical
• reactions thousands of
• times faster.

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Proteins

• Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up
  the rate of chemical reactions.
• Enzymes are made of proteins.
• Example Amylase found in saliva.
• Amylase speeds up the breakdown of amylose, a
  substance in starch (in foods).
• Most enzymes are specific to 1 reaction

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Proteins How enzymes work

• Substrate The reactants that bind to the
  enzyme.
• Active Site The specific location where a
  substance binds to an enzyme.
• The active site and the substrate have
  complementary shapes (Lock Key)

Click on picture to see an animation!
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Proteins How enzymes work

• Only substrates with the same size and shape as
  the active site will bind to the enzyme (like
  puzzle pieces).
• pH and temperature mainly affect enzyme activity.

Click on picture for link
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Pepsin An Enzyme

• Pepsin is an enzyme in the
• stomach that begins the digestion
• of proteins by splitting them into
• smaller pieces.
• Pepsin works at a pH level of around 2 which is
  acidic
• Antacids are used to neutralize pepsin by
  increasing the pH level to around 6 or 7

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Macromolecule Concept Map
Lets fill in the chart!
Organic (Carbon) Compounds
are categorized as
Are made of
Are made of
Are made of
Are made of
Macro means LARGE
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The End