Judaism G_d

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JudaismG_ds Promise
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Abraham
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Abram

• Judaism starts with the Patriarch Abraham whose
  name was changed from Abram. It is to him that
  G_d made a promise that he would be the father of
  many nations.

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Abrahams journey

• Abraham moved to Palestine around 4000 BCE. This
  was part of G_ds promise.

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The Mighty Nation

• The descendents of Abraham settled in Egypt where
  they had become slaves.
• They cried to G_d for deliverance from bondage of
  slavery.
• G_d called Moses to lead them.

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Moses

• Moses is a main figure in Jewish history.
• Born to a Jew he was rescued from the Nile by the
  daughter of the Pharaoh of Egypt .

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Moses

• He grew up probably as both an Egyptian and a
  Jew. Although he was in the house of Pharaoh he
  was "nursed/raised" by his birth mother.
• He was raised to be a leader and became second in
  command of Egypt.

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Moses Flees

• It was discovered that he was a Jew and had to
  leave because he murdered an Egyptian.

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The Call of Moses

• He later returns to Egypt after the burning bush
  experience to lead the Israelites out of Egypt.

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Moses Before Pharaoh

• Moses comes before Pharaoh and tells Pharaoh to
  let G_ds people go.

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Pharaohs Response

• Pharaoh refuses.
• Moses then issues forth the ten plagues.

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The Passover

• The Jews were instructed to put blood on their
  doorposts.
• When the Angel of Death came it passed over the
  homes with blood on the doorposts.

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Final Plague

• When the Pharaoh refused Moses last request the
  final plague was issued--the death of every
  firstborn male.

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Haste

• Pharaoh relented and let the Israelites leave.
  They had to make preparations to leave quickly.

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Change

• Pharaoh changed his mind and decided to chase the
  Israelites.
• According the the Hebrew Bible as the Israelites,
  lead by Moses, stood at the Red Sea or the Sea of
  Reeds, G_d acted on their behalf and parted the
  waters.

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The Deliverance

• According to the Jews in the deliverance three
  things were affirmed.
• Yahweh is the creator of the universe
• Yahweh chose the Israelites
• The Jews are to reveal Yahweh to the rest of the
  world.

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G_ds Deliverance

• G_d, by way of Moses, led the descendents of
  Abraham out of slavery. A covenant was
  established by way of the Ten Commandments and
  the Laws of Moses.

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Results of the Covenant

• Yahweh is the the G_d not only the Israelites but
  of all creation.
• The Israelites are G_ds people.
• Jewish communal life was established
• The Pentateuch (the first five books of the
  Hebrew Bible) tells the history and regulates the
  community.

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A Light to the Gentiles (non Jews)

• The Jews reveal the nature of G_d and point the
  way to G_d for the rest of the world.

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Hebrew Bible c. 900-200 BCE

• 3 sections
• the Law - Torah
• the Prophets - Neviim
• the Writings - Kethuvim
• Together they are called Tanakh
• The Torah is the core of the Bible
• Talmud (oral and written interpretations of the
  Torah).

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Rites and Festivals

• Circumcision of the male child at 8 days
• Bar Mitzvah (Bas Mitzvah girl) boy reaches 13
  years of age demonstrates acceptance of Covenant
• Marriage
• Burial

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Festivals

• Pesach (Passover) deliverance from Egypt
• Shavuot (Pentecost) harvest and Torah
• Sukkot (tabernacles) Fall Festival
• Rosh Hashana (New Year)
• Yom Kippur (Day of Atonement)
• Hanukkah (victory over the Syrians in 165 BCE
• Purim (deliverance from the Persian Empire)

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Jewish Beliefs

• The 13 principles as developed by Maimonides

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13 Principles of the Jewish Faith

• 1. I believe with perfect faith that God is the
  creator and Ruler of all things.
• 2. I believe with perfect faith that God is one.
• 3. I believe with perfect faith that God does not
  have a body.
• 4. I believe with perfect faith that God that God
  is first and last.

• 5. I believe with perfect faith that it is proper
  to pray to God.
• 6. I believe with perfect faith that all the
  words of all of the prophets are true.
• 7. I believe with perfect faith that the prophecy
  of Moses is absolutely true.

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• 8. I believe with perfect faith that the entire
  Torah that we how have is that which was given to
  Moses.
• 9. I believe with perfect faith that this Torah
  will not be changed, and there will never be
  another given by God.
• 10. I believe with perfect faith that God knows
  all of a man's deeds and thoughts.

• 11. I believe with perfect faith that God rewards
  those who keep his commandments, and punishes
  those who transgress Him.
• 12. I believe with perfect faith in the coming of
  the Messiah.
• 13. I believe with perfect faith that God that
  the dead will be brought back to life when God
  wills it to happen.

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Jewish Belief

• There is no official Jewish creed--however,
  there are some basic ideas.
• Belief in G_d. G_d is one, formless,
  all-knowing, and eternal. G_d is master of the
  universe as its creator and judge. G_d is both
  loving and just.
• Belief in the words of the prophets.

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Jewish Belief

• Belief that G_d gave the law to Moses.
• Belief that the Messiah, the savior to be sent by
  G_d, will come some day.
• Belief that there will be a resurrection of the
  good in the world to come.

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Divisions within Judaism
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Divisions within Judaism

• Cultural Based
• Observance Based

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Cultural Based

• Sephardim
• Ashkemazim
• Falashas, Ethiopian Jews

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Observance Based

• Orthodox Judaism
• Conservative Judaism
• Reform Judaism
• Reconstructionist Judaism

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The Four Branches of Judaism
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Orthodox

• Orthodox Judaism
• it came into existence after the Reform began.
• A branch of Judaism committed to retaining
  traditional practice and belief.
• They are hesitant about discarding any
  traditional practices.

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Orthodox

• Among the things that they believe are
• In synagogues women are separate from men
• There must be a quorum of men for service to
  begin
• Only men celebrate the coming of age (bar mitzvah)

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Orthodox

• Males keep their heads covered
• Social roles are strictly separate (trad.
  Men/Women)
• Orthodox household keep strict rules about diet.

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Conservative

• Frankel Solomon Schchter was an early leader of
  this branch.
• The Reform movement was too radical.
• The Torah and the Talmud must be followed.
• Practices can vary from synagogue to synagogue.
• Most of the worship service is in Hebrew.

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Conservative

• Males wear head coverings (yarmulkes or kippot)
• Members are encouraged to observe kashruth,
  kosher food laws, Shabbat and holidays.
• Change is accepted but with much study and
  discussion and carefully weighing all traditions.

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Reform Judaism

• David Einhorn and Isaac Mayer inspired this
  movement in the US. Outline
• The Torah has moral authority but ceremonial and
  dietary laws are no longer binding.
• A need for a Jewish homeland was recognized.
• An emphasis is placed on religious practice,
  observing the Sabbath, and keeping the holidays.

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Reform Judaism

• Outline (continued)
• Most of the services are in English and males are
  not required to wear coverings.
• Men and women can sit together
• Women can be ordained as Rabbis.
• Mendelssohn was influential in Europe
• He advocated religious tolerance, Judaism could
  be combined with secular culture and embraced
  many of the ideas of the European Enlightenment.

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More Reform

• Reform synagogue has women and men sitting
  together, services are conducted in both Hebrew
  and the native tongue, there are choirs and use
  of organ.
• Traditional ways of dressing are dropped.
• The idea is to totally modernize Judaism to be
  able to survive contemporary cultures.

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Reconstructionist Judaism

• Founded by Mordecai Kaplan.
• Individuals in this form are introduced to
  traditional Judaism but are allowed to
  individually interpret elements.
• Such things as angels, prophecy, revealed law,
  and the Messiah are taken as symbols.
• G_d is seen as the Power which makes me follow
  even higher ideals.
• Judaism is seen as an changing cultural force.