Evolution Of Mngt. Thought

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Evolution Of Mngt. Thought Ms.
Meera Mody
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Content

• Introduction
• Scientific management By Taylor
• - Time Motion Study
• - Differential Payment
• - Drastic Reorganization Supervision
• - Scientific Recruitment Training
• - Co-Operation between workers Mngt.
• Ref L. M.
  Prasad
• Tripathi

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Evolution of management Thought -

• Mngt. Practice is as old as Human Civilization.
• In Early time, mngt could not get an attention of
  researchers bcoz
• - business fields in which management was
  applied was held low, unworthy of study,
  treatment of management as an art instead of
  science commonly held belief that mngrs are
  born not made.

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• Due to above mentioned factors the need for
  Systematic study of management was not felt..
• This situation continued till the beginning of
  20th century..
• In the beginning of 20th century specially after
  World war I, people started thinking of solutions
  to the problem of How Limited resources can be
  applied in a better way.

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• Large business organizations Growing
  competition provided impetus to develop
  systematic mngt. concepts and principles.

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• This attracted the attention of wide varieties of
  intellectuals..
• - Economist
• - Sociologist
• - Psychologist
• - Mathematics
• - Management practiceners
• to develop principles ultimately make the
  organization more effective.

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• This factors led to the development of varieties
  of approches in management.
• 1. Classical Approach
• - Scientific Mngt.
• - Administrative mngt.
• 2. Behavioral Approach
• 3. Systems Approach
• 4. Contingency Approch

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Taylor Scientific Management

• Concept of scientific management was introduced
  by Frederick Winslow Taylor in U.S.A. in the
  beginning of 20th century.
• Scientific Management was concerned essentially
  with improving the operational efficiency at the
  shop-floor level.

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• Taylor has defined Scientific Management as
  follows
• Scientific Management is concerned with knowing
  exactly what you want men to do they see that
  they do it in a best cheapest way

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• Taylor has put the emphasis on solving
  managerial problem in scientific way his
  contributions as the Principles of Scientific
  Management.
• He is called Father of Scientific Management.

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• He conducted a series of experiments in 3
  companies
• Midvale Steel Co.
• Simonds Rolling Machine
• Bethlehem Steel

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• Taylor made several important contributions which
  are classified under Scientific Management.
• Time Motion Study
• Since Taylor had been machinist himself, he know
  piece-work employees used to hold back production
  to its one-third level bcoz they feared that
  their employers would cut their piece rate as
  soon as there was a rise in production.

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• According to Taylor, the real problem was that
  No one knew how much work it was reasonable to
  expect a man to do.
• He, therefore, started time motion study, under
  which each motion of job was to be timed with the
  help of a stop watch shorter fewer motions
  were to be developed.

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• Thus, the best way of doing a job was found.

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• Differential Payment -
• Taylor introduced a new payment play called
  Differential Piecework in which he linked
  incentives with production.
• Under this plan a worker received low piece rate
  if he produced the standard no. of piece high
  rate if surpassed the standard.
• Taylor thought that the attraction of high piece
  rate would motivate workers to increase
  production.

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• Drastic Reorganization of Supervision
• Taylor suggested 2 new concepts
• 1. Seperation of planning doing.
• 2. Functional Foremanship

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• Seperation of Planning Doing
• In those days it used to be customary for each
  worker to plan his work.
• The worker himself used to select his tools
  decide the order in which the operations were to
  be performed.

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• The foreman simply told the workers what jobs to
  perform how to do that?
• Taylor suggested that work should be planned by a
  foreman not by a worker.

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• Functional Foremanship
• According to Taylor there should be as many
  foreman as there are special functions involved
  in doing a job each of these foreman should
  give the order to the worker on his speciality.

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• Scientific Recruitment Training
• Taylor emphasised the need 4 Scientific selection
  development of the workers.
• He said that Management should develop train
  every workers to bring out his best faculties
  to enable him to do a higher, more interesting
  more profitable class of work than he has done in
  the past.

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E. Intimate friendly co-operation between
workers management

• By doing so, ptofit wd increase to such an
  extent that labour mngt wd no longer compete
  for it.
• In short, Taylor believe that both sd have the
  common interest in increasing productivity.

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Contributions Limitations of Scientific
Management

1. Time Motion studies have made us aware that the
   tools physical movements involved in a task can
   be made more efficient rational.
2. The stress which scientific management placed on
   scientific selection of workers has made us
   recognize that without ability training a
   person cannot be expected to do his job properly

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• 3. Finally, Scientific management gave one best
  way of doing job.

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Scientific Management is severely criticized on
following grounds

• Taylors belief that economic incentives are
  strong enough to motivate workers for increased
  production proved wrong.
• No man is entirely an economic man. A mans
  behavior is not always dictated by his financial
  needs.

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• He has many other needs also.
• such as,
• 1. Security Need
• 2. Social Need
• 3. Egoistic Need
• which motives him for more potentially than his
  desire for money after starvation level.

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• Taylors time motion study is not accepted as
  entirely scientific. Because two time studies
  done by two separate individuals may time the
  same job entirely differently.
• There is no such thing as one best way, because
  no two individuals can be expected to work in the
  same way at the same rhythm, with the same
  attention same learning speed.