MANIFEST DESTINY

1
MANIFEST DESTINY

• WESTWARD EXPANSION

2
POLITICAL

• NATIONALISM Americans loved their country
• Spread democracy from sea to shining sea!
• NATIONAL SECURITY Feared we might be endangered
  by foreign powers.
• To conquer that fear, conquer more land!
• BY FORCE Expand across the continent. Use force
  if necessary
• Indians and Mexicans

3
ECONOMIC

• FAMILY FARMERS Dreamed of owning own farms.
• Frontier land was cheap and sometimes free!
• BUSINESSMEN Non-farmers could start their own
  business.
• UNEMPLOYED When faced with unemployment in
  cities, they were advised, Go West, young man!
• SOUTHERN SLAVEHOLDERS Soil in plantations were
  depleted of minerals.
• Land ownership associated with wealth and
  political power.
• SEA MERCHANTS Merchants on the East Coat wanted
  to trade with countries in the Pacific.

4
SOCIAL

• RELIGIOUS MISSION America was destined by God
  to expand its borders.
• WHITE SUPREMACY White man had the right to
  destroy anything and anyone who got in the way.
• Indians and Mexicans
• PROGRESS Could make better use of the land than
  those who occupied it.
• Brought God, technology, and civilization.
• OUTLET FOR POPULATION Population increase due
  to a high birth rate and immigration.
• Between 1820 and 1850, 4 million moved West!

5
DONE IN STAGES

• Up to 1776 East Coast Colonies
• After 1783 E. of Mississippi R.
  Treaty of Paris
• After 1787 G.Lakes Ohio R. Valley
  Ordinance of 1787
• After 1803 Mississippi R. Valley Louisiana
  Purchase
• After 1819 Gulf of Mexico War of 1812
• After 1835 Oregon The Oregon Trail
• After 1848 California Gold Rush/ 49ers
• After 1860 The Great Plains Homestead Act
• of 1862

6
CHALLENGES

• By land Go Across the Great Plains and the
  Rockies.
• It took 6 months!
• By sea Go around the Horn
• Cape Horn in South America
• Considered to be the most southern tip of
  S.A.
• It still took 6 months!

7
INCENTIVES

• FUR TRADERS Moved to the Rockies Sold Beaver
  Pelts
• FARMERS Moved to Oregon Free farmland in the
  Willamette Valley
• COTTON PLANTERS Moved to Texas Carried slaves
  with them
• GOLD SEEKERS In 1848, gold was discovered in
  California!

8
FAMOUS EXPLORERS

• LEWIS AND CLARK (1804)
• President Jefferson sent them to explore the
  Louisiana Territory.
• They explored 8,000 miles.
• Sacakawea would join the group to become their
  guide. US would claim Oregon.

9
EXPLORERS

• ZEBULON PIKE (1806)
• Expeditioner, explorer, and hunter.
• A frontier businessman!
• Climbed the Rockies (they were his favorite!)
• Named a peak Pikes Peak

10
EXPLORERS

• JIM BRIDGER (1824)
• A trapper, hunter, fisher, and explorer
• A trail guide to the West
• Went out to find the ocean Came across a huge
  body of water and mistook it for the Pacific.
  Actually stumbled across the Great Salt Lake!

11
EXPLORERS

• JOHN C. FREMONT (1840S)
• Explored the region between the Rockies and
  the Pacific Ocean
• Nicknamed The Pathfinder
• He led four expeditions
• South Pass Mapped a plateau in the Rockies
• Oregon Trail Find a trail NW of Missouri River,
  across Rockies, and into Oregon
• Great Basin to Pacific Coast
• Find a railroad route from Missouri to California
  didnt work!
• Created the first official map of the American
  West

12
LAND DEALS

• MISSOURI COMPROMISE (1820) Missouri a slave
  state Maine a free state
• ANNEXATION OF TEXAS (1845) When James K. Polk
  (pro-slavery) was elected President, Congress
  passed a law approving the annexation of Texas
  (would be a slave state). Texas was still owned
  by Mexico! This brought war with Mexico.
• Free Soil Party (1848) Party born in reaction
  to the war with Mexico. They opposed the spread
  of slavery to the West. (They would accept it in
  the South)

13
WAR!

• The first major war/conflict driven by Manifest
  Destiny was war with Mexico.
• MEXICAN-AMERICAN WAR (1846 1848)
• Polk wanted to seize large amounts of Mexican
  land.
• Offered to buy CA and NM for 20 million
• Mexico refused
• This is where the Battle of Alamo comes in
• Americans will win the war by occupying Mexicos
  capital Mexico City!

14
LAND DEALS

• OREGON TERRITORY (1846) Over 500,000 people
  traveled the Oregon Trail throughout its
  existence. The emigration lasted for several
  decades.
• Between 10-12 will die on the trail.
• Purchased from Great Britain during
  Mexican-American War.

15
LAND DEALS

• GADSDEN PURCHASE (1853)
• The US bought a little strip of land from Mexico
  for 10 million.
• It lies in southern Arizona and New Mexico.
• It was needed to build the southern route of
  another transcontinental railroad.
• KANSAS NEBRASKA ACT (1854)
• The transcontinental railroad wanted this
  territory to become a state.
• Will repeal the Missouri Compromise by stating
  the people get to decide if the state should be
  slave or free.

16
OTHER LAND EXPANSIONS

• ERIE CANAL (1825)
• 1000 laborers will dig by hand
• 4 feet deep!
• Connected the North with the West
• Revolutionized trade and transportation
• CALIFORNIA GOLD RUSH (1848)
• There was a saw mill built for a man named
  Sutter. When milling, they found gold!
• Became known as Sutters Mill (near Sacramento,
  CA)
• In 1849, 80,000 prospectors (the 49ers) showed
  up to mine gold.
• The settlers established towns and cities
  (boomtowns) and sped up the drive for statehood.

17
STOP!

1. RECEIVE AN ENVELOPE DONT OPEN IT!
2. YOU ARE GOING TO TRY TO STRIKE IT RICH BY
   BECOMING A 49ER!
3. YOU BEGIN YOUR TRIP TO CALIFORNIA WITH 95.
4. OPEN YOUR ENVELOPE

18

• READ YOUR CHALLENGE OR LUCKY MOMENT OUT LOUD.
• DONT FORGET TO ADD OR SUBTRACT YOUR MONEY!
• RECEIVE MONEY FROM TEACHER.
• STAND IN LINE FOR YOUR PAN AND MINERALS!

19

• PAY FOR YOUR PAN AND SUPPLIES - 10
• PAY FOR FOOD AND WATER - 10
• FOOD AND WATER CAN WAIT BUT MUST BE PURCHASED
  ONCE BEFORE END OF CLASS!
• PAY FOR EXTRA SCOOP (OPTIONAL) - 30
• DONT HAVE ENOUGH ? YOU MAY HAVE TO BORROW FROM
  A BUDDY!

20
ROUND ONE
21

• BEGIN PANNING!
• YOURE LOOKING FOR GOLD! ANYTHING ELSE, SIFT BACK
  INTO BOWL!
• GOOD LUCK!

22

• AFTER FIRST ROUND OF PANNING
• DIDNT FIND ANYTHING??
• ADDITIONAL SCOOP - 15
• BORROW FROM BUDDY IF FUNDS ARENT AVAILABLE!
• GOLD FINDERS?
• CASH IN FOR ANOTHER SCOOP
• HOLD ON TO IT AND PAY 15 FOR ANOTHER SCOOP
• FIND A BELL??
• HOLD ON TO IT FOR A SPECIAL OPPORTUNITY!

23
ROUND TWO
24

• OKAY! TIME TO STOP!!!
• DID YOU FIND ANY GOLD??
• NO! STAND BESIDE 1 BOX
• 1-5 PIECES! PICK 1 PIECE OF PAPER
• 6-9 PIECES! PICK 2 PIECES OF PAPER AND
  CHOOSE ONE
• 10 PIECES! PICK 3 PIECES OF PAPER AND
  CHOOSE ONE
• BELL-FINDERS! GET READY FOR A 50/50 CHANCE!

25
CHOOSE A PRIZE FROM BOX 2

• 1 BOX
• NOT QUITE THE RISK-TAKER,
• WHICH ENDS UP MAKING IT SAFER.
• YOU ARE NEITHER RICH, NOR POOR.
• YOU BECOME THE OWNER OF A GENERAL STORE!

26
CHOOSE A PRIZE FROM BOX 1

• 2 BOX
• EVEN WITH GOOD LUCK,
• YOU ENDED UP LOSING A BUCK!
• GOLD FEVER OVERCOMES YOUR CHANCE AT WEALTH,
• NOW ITS BACK TO STARVATION AND FILTH!

27
PICK A PRIZE FROM BOX 3!

• 3 BOX
• YOUR RISKS TURN OUT TO BE GREAT!
• YOU SHOULD BE HAPPY WITH THE WAY YOU PLAYED!
• YOU STRUCK IT RICH WITH YOUR GOLD
• LIVE LIFE TO THE FULLEST, UNTIL YOURE GOOD AND
  OLD!

28

• BELL-FINDERS!
• YOUR SIGHT IS STRONG.
• YOU SPOTTED A TREASURE.
• NOW ITS YOUR CHOICE
• TO GO ON FURTHER
• YOU ARE GOING TO GO ON
• CHOOSE ONE OF THE FOLLOWING BOXES

2
1
29

• YOU FOUND THE BELL!
• UNFORTUNATELY,
• GOLD FEVER FOUND YOU!
• YOU LOSE EVERYTHING!!!

30

• YOU FOUND THE BELL!
• YOU HAVE STRUCK IT RICH, AGAIN!
• ONE FREE ASSIGNMENT FOR HISTORY!

31

• As you are beginning to see, 49ers had it rough
  This gold-mining was hard stuffNot everyone
  struck it rich! Even those who did find gold may
  have ended up penniless in just a quick minute.
  Everything was by chance!
• For your assignment, write down a quick
  reflection of your gold-panning experience from
  today This is your ticket out the door!
• Have a GREAT and PROFITABLE weekend?

32
EXPANSIONS TO THE WEST

• TRANSCONTINENTAL TELEGRAPH (1861)
• In 1860, the Pony Express was the best form of
  communication.
• Employers wanted orphans (risky job)
• This only lasted 19 months!
• Replaced by the telegraph, which was invented by
  Samuel Morse (think Morse Code!)

33
EXPANSIONS TO THE WEST

• TRANSCONTINENTAL RAILROAD (1869)
• Made settlement in the West much easier
• United the Central Pacific and Union Pacific
  railways
• Promontory Point, Utah
• Where the two railroads met.
• A golden spike is driven into the railway
  connecting the two.

34
GROUPS GOING WEST

• DONNER PARTY (1846)
• 9 covered wagons set out West
• James Reed ignored the advice to
  take the safer route will take Hastings
  Route
• This will take them 5 days instead of 2 in the
  desert!
• One group will become snowbound in the Sierra
  Nevadas.
• Some turned to cannibalism to survive.
• MORMONS (1847)
• Left Nauvoo, Illinois and headed West
• Brigham Young will convince them to settle at
  Salt Lake City.

35
The Texas Revolution
36
Mexico vs. Texas

• Mexican Independence
• Father Miguel Hidalgo y Castilla led a rebellion
  of 80,000 that failed.
• Rebellion grew and eventually Mexico achieved
  independence.
• New Mexican govt hired empresarios land agents
  to bring settlers to Texas.
• Settlers didnt always follow the law.
• Mexico was ruled by Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna

• Texas Independence
• 3/2/1836 Texas declared Independence from
  Mexico
• Named Sam Houston as leader of their Army.
• Battle of the Alamo
• Texans surrounded for over two weeks.
• Eventually all were killed in battle.
• Santa Anna ordered the execution of 350 prisoners
• Battle of San Jacinto
• Texans captured Santa Anna and forced him to sign
  over control of Texas

37
Texas gains Independence

• The treaty created the Republic of Texas.
• Recognized by Britian, France, and eventually the
  U.S.
• Protection from Mexico Texas Rangers

Chuck Norris as Walker, Texas Ranger
38

• Battle of the Alamo Clip

39
The Mexican American War
40
Manifest Destiny

• Many Americans had a belief in Manifest Destiny
  obvious fate
• The question needing an answer was that of
  slavery should it be allowed in new lands?
• Election of 1844 question was Texas both
  candidates wanted it to be a part of the U.S.

41
Acquiring New Land

• Britain and U.S. had agreed to occupy Oregon
  together.
• Many settlers wanted to join the U.S.
• A new border was drawn and U.S. took everything
  south of 49th parallel.
• Oregon joined as a territory in 1848

• Texas agreed to become part of the U.S in 1845
• Mexican govt VERY upset
• Mexico still controlled other areas.
• Ended the mission system in CA and gave land to
  wealthy settlers

42
California

• Vaqueros cowboys who managed the land in CA
• Early California settlers Californios
• Reputation of being extremely hospitable.
• Many new settlers began to call for Independence
  from Mexico.

43
Mexican-American War

• War began over territory dispute
• U.S. wanted more land, Mexico didnt want to give
  it up.
• Bear Flag Revolt
• Americans declared CA to be independent
• Led by John C. Fremont
• Goal was to keep CA independent, not join U.S.

• End of the War
• Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo officially ended
  the war
• Mexican Cession increased the U.S. by 25
• Cost 15 Million
• Gadsden Purchase U.S. Paid 10 million in
  exchange for parts of AZ and NM