Manifest Destiny

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Manifest Destiny
America Expands Westward
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• In your own words, what is destiny?
• The definition of manifest is
• Clear or apparent
• In the mid-1800s, Americans believed they had a
  clear destiny to expand across the continent,
  from sea to shining sea

Eastward I go only by force, but westward I go
free.- Henry David Thoreau
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• Write this on a piece of paper that will become
  your Manifest Destiny DBQ!
• Other Reasons for Westward Expansion
• Escape religious persecution
• Find new markets for trade
• Claim land for farming, ranching, and mining
• Locate Pacific harbors
• Spread democracy!

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Writing a DBQ

• A DBQ is a Document-Based Question
• You must read and analyze primary/secondary
  source documents to help answer a historical
  question
• After reading the documents, you develop an
  argument (thesis) to answer the question
• The point is to show that you can read and
  analyze documents and DEFEND YOUR ARGUMENT!
• These are designed to be about 5 paragraphs. We
  will start with just planning, then 3, then 5!

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Manifest Destiny DBQ Planning

• The Question
• The Thesis
• A thesis is the main ARGUMENT of the paper
• How can you make a historical argument?
• Introduction
• This includes background information about your
  topic
• (In this case, you need to address how/why
  Manifest Destiny developed in America in the
  1800s)
• 3 Points
• This essay lays them out for you
• For each point, you need to include solid
  information FROM THE DOCUMENTS and from your
  PREVIOUS KNOWLEDGE to support your argument
• In your planning, write bullet points for now but
  include PARENTHETICAL CITATIONS (see the board)
• The Conclusion (This will come later)

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How are these ideas of Manifest Destiny
reflected in the following pieces of artwork?
American Progress by John Gast
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• Westward the Course of Empire Takes Its Way by
  Emanuel Leutze

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• Sectional Differences Emerge
• Missouri Territory applies for statehood
• Why is this a problem?
• There are an equal number of slave/free states,
  Missouri would tip the balance
• Henry Clay Missouri
• Compromise (1820)
• Missouri slave
• Maine free (split from Massachusetts)
• 36-30 line north free, south slave

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Missouri Compromise
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Texan Independence Primary Source Activity

• For Documents A-D answer the following questions
  (COMPLETE SENTENCES!)
• Who wrote it? (Name, Mexican or American, Date)
• According to this document, why did Texans decide
  to declare independence in 1836?
• Do you trust the perspective of this document?
  Why or why not?
• Conclusion Based on all 4 documents, do you
  think the Texans were justified in declaring
  independence?

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Expansion, Conflict, War in Texas
Sam Houston
Remember the Alamo!
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Expansion Conflict in Texas

• 1. Why did Mexico want Americans to settle in
  Texas?
• To help defend and develop the province
  economically
• 2. Why did Americans want to settle in Texas?
• Abundant, cheap, fertile land with a small
  population

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• 3. What brought American settlers into conflict
  with the Mexican government?
• They did not convert to Roman Catholicism
  (remained Protestants) they ignored Mexicos
  ban on slavery
• 4. What happened at the Alamo?
• Texas rebelled against Mexican rule
• Santa Anna attacks the Alamo to put down the
  rebellion
• 12 days of fighting, Mexico wins, then kills
  every prisoner Remember the Alamo! Video

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• 5. Why was the U.S. at first reluctant to annex
  Texas?
• Northern Democrats did not want to add another
  big, powerful slave state

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• 6. What promises did Polk make to help him win
  the election (of 1844)?
• To make Northern Democrats happy, he promises
  to get all of Oregon from Great Britain or go
  to war 54-40 or Fight!

54 Line
Why did Polk need to satisfy the interests of
Northerners specifically?
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• 7. What did Polk do that left many Northern
  Democrats feeling betrayed?
• To avoid war with Great Britain, Polk compromised
  on Oregon in order to fight Mexico (British kept
  what became British Columbia)

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The Mexican-American War1846-1848
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America AchievesManifest Destiny

• The Gadsden Purchase, the Wilmot Proviso, and
  the California Gold Rush

EQ How did America achieve its Manifest
Destiny?
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• What formally ended the Mexican-American War?
• Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
• (Mexican Cession)
• US adds 1.2 million square miles
• Mexico was humiliated by the treaty, bitter
  toward US for many years

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• US added more territory with theGadsden Purchase
  (1853)
• Bought from Mexico, consisted of the southern
  parts of Arizona New Mexico
• Needed to runtranscontinental RR

How is this further contributing to Manifest
Destiny?
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• What issue continued to divide the nation?
• SLAVERY, and its expansion
• Whig Congressman David Wilmot proposes the Wilmot
  Proviso
• Proposed law would ban slavery in all lands won
  from Mexico
• Law DID NOT pass
• Lands won from Mexico increased North/South
  tensions
• Proposed in Congress for 15 more years

Why do you think the Wilmot Proviso didnt pass?
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• President James K. Polk Expansionist
  President
• Polk SUPPORTS Manifest Destiny

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• The California Gold Rush
• What was it?
• Mass migration to California after the discovery
  of gold in 1848
• Who was involved?
• 49ers Gold Rush miners
• Where did they come from?
• Across the US other Pacific Rim nations (South
  America, China)

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• The California Gold Rush - Effects
• Conditions of the camps
• Crowded, poor sanitation, violence
• Population boom of
• San Francisco
• Groups facing discrimination
• Indians, Chinese, Mexicans taxed, terrorized

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• The California Gold Rush - Effects
• ____________ applies for statehood
• California
• Increases the debate over
• Slavery
• 15 free states, 15 slave
• Would later lead to the
• Civil War