Review

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Chapter
12
Review
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1. The belief that the United States was set
apart to extend its boundaries to the Pacific
Ocean was called Manifest Destiny.
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2. In the early 1800s, England, Spain, the United
States and Russia claimed the Oregon Country.
This area lay between the Pacific Ocean and the
Rocky Mountains north of California.
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3. Mountain Men made their living as
fur trappers. 4. The high point of the year for
the mountain men was the yearly rendevous. 5.
Mountain man Jedidiah Smith discovered a path
through the Rockies that pioneers called the
South Pass.
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6. Many settlers moved to Oregon because of the
fertile land, plentiful rainfall and a mild
climate. 7. A person who leaves a country or
region to live elsewhere is called an emigrant.

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8. Many Americans opposed the annexation of Texas
because Texas was a slave state. 9. When did the
Unites States
annex Texas?
December 1845 10. The president at the time
Texas was annexed was James K. Polk.
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15. What happened as a result of the United
States annexing Texas? War with Mexico
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16. The United States
insisted that the border
between the U.S. and Mexico was
the Rio
Grande. 17. President Polk used an attack on
U.S. forces on the Rio Grand as grounds for war.

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• 18. The Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo ended the war
  with Mexico. List four parts of that plan
• Mexico gave up all claims to Texas.
• Mexico agreed on the Rio Grande as the border
  between Mexico and Texas.
• Mexican Cession Mexico ceded California and New
  Mexico to the U.S.
• The U.S. gave Mexico 15 million.

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19. Cede means to give up by treaty. 20. The
California gold rush began when gold was found
in the American River at Sutters sawmill.
21. A pioneer traveling to California would have
to cross the Sierra Nevada mountain range.
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22. Those who arrived in California in 1849 were
called forty-niners. 23. Who made huge profits
during the Gold Rush? Merchants 24. Who
invented sturdy
denim pants for the
miners to wear?
Levi Strauss
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25. Californias request for statehood caused a
crises in Congress because it banned slavery- it
upset the balance of free and slave states.
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26. What group of people made the largest single
migration in American history?
The Mormons

Where did they settle?
Salt Lake City, Utah 27.Who was
the founder of the Mormon Church? Joseph Smith
Who became the leader
after he was killed by a mob? Brigham Young 28.
To escape religious persecution, the Mormons
decided to move west to Utah.
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29. What was the final purchase allowing the U.
S. to reach its present size? The Gadsden
Purchase
One reason for this purchase was to build a
transcontinental railroad.