AMERICAN FOREIGN POLICY, 1985-90 CHAPTER 33, Section 4

1
AMERICAN FOREIGN POLICY, 1985-90CHAPTER 33,
Section 4

• THE FALL OF THE SOVIET UNION PROBLEMS IN THIRD
  WORLD COUNTRIES

2
IMPORTANT TERMS

• MIKHAIL GORBACHEV
• I.N.F. TREATY
• GLASNOST
• PERESTROIKA
• COMMONWEALTH OF INDEPENDENT STATES
• TIANANMEN SQUARE
• SANDINISTA
• CONTRAS
• OPERATION DESERT STORM

3
IMPORTANT DATES

• 1985 MIKHAIL GORBACHEV BECOMES LEADER OF USSR
• 1989
• APRIL TIANANMEN SQUARE MASSACRE
• NOVEMBER BERLIN WALL OPENED
• DECEMBER U.S. INVADES PANAMA
• 1990 IRAQ INVADES KUWAIT
• 1991
• JANUARY OPERATION DESERT STORM
• DECEMBER COMMONWEALTH OF INDEPENDENT STATES
  CREATED FALL OF THE SOVIET UNION

4
(No Transcript)
5
(No Transcript)
6
(No Transcript)
7
(No Transcript)
8
(No Transcript)
9

• Mikhail Gorbachev,
• Soviet leader,
• 1985-91

10
(No Transcript)
11
(No Transcript)
12
OPERATION DESERT STORM
13
(No Transcript)
14
DESERT STORM BATTLE PLAN
15
(No Transcript)
16
(No Transcript)
17
CHANGE IN THE U.S.S.R.

• 1985 MIKHAIL GORBACHEV BECOMES SOVIET LEADER
• EFFECT?
• GORBACHEV WANTS TO IMPROVE RELATIONSHIP W/ THE
  WEST (U.S.A.)
• TWO BASIC IDEAS
• GLASNOST OPENNESS IN DISCUSSING SOCIAL PROBLEMS
• PERESTROIKA RESTRUCTURING OF THE SOVIET
  GOVERNMENT ECONOMY
• EXAMPLE? GORBACHEV ALLOWS
• FREE ELECTIONS
• FREEDOM OF THE PRESS
• LIMITED PRIVATE OWNERSHIP OF LAND

18
CHANGES IN THE U.S.S.R.

• OTHER ACTIONS
• 1987 SIGNED I.N.F. (INTERMEDIATE RANGE NUCLEAR
  FORCES) TREATY W/ U.S.
• DID WHAT?
• REDUCED OF NUCLEAR WEAPONS EITHER SIDE HAD
• ALLOWED EITHER SIDE TO INSPECT THE OTHERS
  NUCLEAR STOCKPILES
• FALL OF THE SOVIET UNION
• NEW FREEDOMS LEAD TO MORE NATIONALISM IN
  NON-RUSSIAN SOVIET REPUBLICS
• MANY BEGIN TO DELCARE INDPENDENCE
• 1991
• GORBACHEV RESIGNS AS SOVIET PRESIDENT
• 14 NON-RUSSIAN REPUBLICS DECLARE INDEPENDENCE
• RESULT? 1991 U.S.S.R. OFFICALLY ENDS
• COMMONWEALTH OF INDEPENDENT STATES (C.I.S.) TAKES
  ITS PLACE

19
U.S.S.R., Before 1991
20
(No Transcript)
21
DIVISIONS IN THE COMMUNIST WORLD

• 1988 GORBACHEV TELLS E. EUROPEAN SATELLITE
  NATIONS TO MOVE TOWARDS DEMOCRACY
• THEY DO EXAMPLE? POLAND ESTABLISHES A
  NON-COMMUNIST, CAPITALIST NATION
• 1989 EAST GERMANY OPENS THE BERLIN WALL
• 1990 GERMANY RE-UNITED
• RESULT?
• SOVIET-DOMINATED E.EUROPE ENDS
• THE IRON CURTAIN FALLS

22
(No Transcript)
23
(No Transcript)
24

• Distmantling of
• The Berlin Wall

25
CENTRAL AMERICA CARIBBEAN PROBLEMS

• SEE MAP, P.999 FOR DETAILS
• CENTRAL AMERICA CARIBBEAN Always important for
  U.S. foreign policy / security since early 20th
  Century
• WHY?
• Location
• Resources Sugar, fruits, minerals, tobacco
• EXAMPLE?
• Location Panama Panama Canal
• Resources Cuba Tobacco, Sugar
• SO WHAT? U.S. Govt, Military, businesses had
  a large presence there

26
(No Transcript)
27
C. AMERICA CARIBBEAN PROBLEMS

• WHY WOULD THE U.S. BE CONCERNED IF ITS INFLUENCE
  IN THAT REGION WAS THREATENED?
• HISTORY OF U.S. INTEREST IN LATIN AMERICA
• Examples?
• 1823 THE MONROE DOCTRINE
• 1903 THE ROOSEVELT COROLLARY
• EXPLAIN
• NEW PROBLEMS
• 1959 CASTROs TAKEOVER OF CUBA THE COLD WAR
  RIVALRY ENTERS THE W. HEMISPHERE
• 1970s 80s DRUG TRAFFICKING FROM S. AMERICA
  USES REGION TO FUNNEL DRUGS TO U.S.

28
THE COLD WAR LATIN AMERICA

• COLD WAR RIVALRY JUMPS INTO C. SOUTH AMERICA
• 1979 NICARAGUA CIVIL WAR ENDS COMMUNIST
  REBELS WIN
• SANDINISTAS- NICARAGUAN COMMUNISTS AIDED BY
  SOVIETS CUBANS
• U.S. WORRIED DOMINO THEORY TYPE OF DEVELOPMENT
  IN LATIN AMERICA
• RESPONSE U.S. SUPPORTS ANTI-COMMUNIST GOVTs.
  REBELS IN C. AMERICA
• EXAMPLE? CONTRAS ANTI-COMMUNIST GUERILLAS
  FIGHTING AGAINST SANDINISTAS

29
SANDINISTAS ON PATROL
30

• DANIEL ORTEGA AUGUSTO SANDINO

31
SANDINISTAS IN COMBAT
32

• That about
• covers it
• Sandinista!,
• The Clash,
• 1980

33
U.S.-SUPPORTED CONTRAS
34
(No Transcript)
35
C. AMERICAN PROBLEMS (contd.)

• PANAMA DICTATOR, GEN. MANUEL NORIEGA
• NORIEGA ALLOWS DRUG TRAFFICKERS (mostly Cocaine
  traffickers) TO USE PANAMA A TRANSIT POINT FOR
  DRUGS HEADED TO N. AMERICA
• PROBLEM? YES
• U.S. HAS TO REDUCE FLOW OF DRUG TO U.S.
• SECURITY OF PANAMA CANAL A CONCERN
• RESULT?
• 1989 U.S. MILITARY INVADES PANAMA
• NORIEGA CAPTURED BY U.S., TRANSPORTED TO U.S. FOR
  PROSECUTION
• NORIEGA CONVICTED OF DRUG SMUGGLING IMPRISONED

36

• Gen. Manuel Noriega,
• Dictator of Panama

37
(No Transcript)