Beyond the Cold War

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Beyond the Cold War

• Chapter 26

2
Foreign Affairs

• Invasion of Panama (1989)
• Bush ordered an invasion to capture General
  Manuel Noriega for trial for drug smuggling and
  money laundering.
• The Gulf War
• Saddam Hussein, dictator of Iraq
• Iraq invaded its wealthy neighbor Kuwait on
  August 2, 1990 because of an oil dispute.
• The U.S. dispatched troops to Saudi Arabia to
  prevent Iraq expansion.
• Desert Shield

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The Gulf War

• The U.N. authorized the use of force to dislodge
  Iraq from Kuwait.
• By January 1991, Bush had put together a 28
  nation coalition
• Operation Desert Storm
• Air attack began on January 17 against Baghdad
• Ground attack began on February 24 and lasted
  only 4 days
• Cease fire on February 28
• 148 U.S. combat deaths / 145 noncombatant.
• Saddam Hussein remained in power.

5
Recession and Downsizing

• Bush seemed unbeatable
• Approval rating 91
• Bush was an expert in foreign policy however,
  the Cold War was over.
• Bush begins the process of downsizing the
  military.
• Private businesses also began restructuring and
  downsizing
• Economic recession
• Bush administration assured Americans that the
  recession would be short and self-correcting.
• Peace dividend

6
More Controversy

• Clarence Thomas Hearings
• Bush nominates for Supreme Court
• African American and a Conservative
• Former employee Anita Hill accused Thomas of
  sexual harassment
• Thomas was confirmed in the Senate by a 52 to 48
  margin.
• North American Free Trade Agreement
• Bush negotiated NAFTA with Canada and Mexico
• Tariff reductions would open up foreign markets
  to American industries.
• Organized labor favored barriers against cheaper
  foreign products that might cost U.S. jobs.
• Passed in 1993.

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The Election of 1992

• George Bush (Rep)
• Bill Clinton (Dem)
• Moderate Governor of Arkansas
• Stressed economic issues to win over
  working-class whites and blacks.
• Made extensive use of polls to shape his stance
  on issues.Flip-flopped on controversial
  issues.Slick Willie
• Personal Character
• Chronic adulterer
• Dodged the draft in Vietnam
• Ross Perot (Independent)
• Candidate of the Reform Party
• Wealthy Texan

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Its the Economy
9
The Clinton Presidency

• Health care reform plan
• Government subsidized health care
• Hillary Clinton
• Failed to muster the necessary support of
  Congress and the public.
• Comprehensive economic program
• Tax hikes for corporations and for individuals in
  higher tax brackets.
• Increased investment in public works and in
  education, skills, health, and welfare.
• Very controversial narrowly passed.
• Dont ask dont tell policy for the military

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The Clinton Presidency on Trial

• The Conservative Revolution Reborn
• Midterm elections of 1994
• Newt Gingrich (R-Speaker of the House in 1995)
• The Contract with America
• Welfare reform
• Government shutdown
• Scandals
• Whitewater fraud (S L scandal)
• Paula Jones Sexual harassment
• Monica Lewinsky affair (White House intern)
• Impeachment for perjury(1998)
• Acquittal (1999)

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The Clinton PresidencyThe New World Disorder

• Middle East Peace
• Middle East peace negotiations
• 1993 agreement between Israeli prime minister
  Yitzhak Rabin and PLO leader Yasir Arafat to
  restore Palestinian self-rule in the Gaza Strip
  and the West Bank.
• Rabin assassinated in 1995.

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The Clinton PresidencyThe New World Disorder

• Americans in Haiti (1995)
• Coup against Democratically-elected Jean-Bertrand
  Aristide.
• Jimmy Carter sent to Port-au-Prince to negotiate
• U.S. troops landed without opposition
• Yugoslavian Turmoil (The Balkans)
• Ethnic and religious conflicts in Bosnia and
  Croatia
• Orthodox Serbs, Catholic Croats, and Bosnian or
  Albanian Muslims
• NATO launched air strikes in 1995. Peacekeeping
  mission.
• Intervention in Kosovo
• Yugoslav President Slobodan Milosevic asserted
  Serbian control through martial law.
• NATO launched air strikes in 1999

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Significant Events
? 1986 Immigration and Control Act
? 1992 Rodney King verdict Clinton elected
? 1993 NAFTA passed
? 1994 Republicans win control of Congress
? 1995 Oklahoma City bombing
? 1996 California passes Proposition 209
? 1998 Lewinsky scandal
? 1999 Senate acquits Clinton of impeachment
charges