Essential Question:

1

• Essential Question
• What led to the Cold War between the United
  States the Soviet Union?
• Warm-Up Question
• Examine the image on the next slide use it to
  answer this Q
• What was the Cold War?

2
Use this image to search for clues What was the
Cold War?
3
The USA after World War II

• The end of WWII in 1945, marked a turning point
  in U.S. history by taking an active role in world
  affairs
• The USA became a leader in the United Nations
  World Bank
• The U.S. occupied helped rebuild Japan after
  the war
• The U.S. helped found Israel as a Jewish nation
  in the Middle East

4
United Nations Member Nations
United Nations Headquarters is in New York City
5
(No Transcript)
6
American Occupation of Japan
7
The Cold War

• The most important change in U.S. foreign policy
  after WWII was the beginning of the Cold War
• The Cold War was an era of distrust hostility
  between the USA USSR from 1945-1991
• It was an era of competing ideologies The USA
  promoted democracy capitalism while the USSR
  tried to spread communism

8
Examining Cold War Ideologies

• The Cold War was a conflict of ideology between
  the USA Soviet Union
• Examine the 8 definitions in your chart
• Match each of the images presented with the
  correct definition in your notes
• What are the Soviet criticisms of Democracy,
  Capitalism, Freedom, Individualism?
• What are the U.S. criticisms of Socialism,
  Totalitarianism, Equality, Collectivism?

9
(No Transcript)
10
Causes of the Cold War
The USA sent troops to fight the Red Army
during the Russian Civil War
In the 1920s, Americans feared the spread of
Communism during the Red Scare
During WWII, the USA USSR worked together to
defeat the Axis Powers, but...
After Lenins death in 1924, Joseph Stalin became
dictator of the USSR started his Five Year
Plans
Vladimir Lenin led the Bolsheviks in the Russian
Revolution in 1917
11
Causes of the Cold War

• WWII increased hostilities between the USA the
  USSR
• The U.S. USSR emerged from the war as rival
  superpowers
• The development of the atomic bomb gave the USA
  a monopoly on nuclear weapons

12
WWII increased hostilities between USA USSR
But Stalin never did By the time of the Potsdam
Conference, Stalin began extending his control
over Eastern Europe
At the Yalta Conference, Stalin agreed to allow
self-determination in Eastern Europe
Stalin refused to remove his military or allow
free election in Eastern Europe
As a result, Eastern European nations turned to
Communism became Soviet satellitesnations
influenced by the USSR (the Eastern bloc)
13
At the end of the war, Germany was divided into a
zone occupied by the USSR (which became East
Germany) a zone occupied by the USA, Britain,
France (West Germany)
14
(No Transcript)
15
The Iron Curtain
Capitalism Democracy
Communism Totalitarianism
The USA began to view Stalin in the 1940s as a
new Hitlera dangerous dictator who wanted to
take over the world
16
In 1947, the U.S. began a policy of Containment
to stop the spread of Communism by the USSR
When the USSR began pressuring Greece Turkey to
turn communist, the USA created the Truman
Doctrine U.S. economic military aid to any
country threatened by communism
A long-term, patient but firm, and vigilant
containment of Russian expansionist policies
will eventually force the USSR to live in peace
with the West Secretary of State, George
Marshall
The Truman Doctrine worked neither Greece nor
Turkey fell to communism
17
(No Transcript)
18
In 1947, the U.S. began a policy of Containment
to stop the spread of Communism by the USSR
European nations had difficulty recovering after
WWII which led to fears of communism in Europe
The U.S. created the Marshall Plan offered 13
billion to help rebuild post-war Europe
By 1952, Western Europe recovered Communism
never took root
19
Marshall Plan to Aid Europe 1948-1952
20
In 1947, the U.S. began a policy of Containment
to stop the spread of Communism by the USSR
In 1948, the USSR used military force to turn
Czechoslovakia to communism This led to fears
that Stalin would use similar tactics in Western
Europe
In 1949, the USA formed the North Atlantic Treaty
Organization (NATO) a military alliance among
democratic countries
21
NATO was one of many alliances the USA would form
with democratic nations over the course of the
Cold War
NATO
Communist Bloc
22
The Berlin Blockade

• In 1948, the USSR responded to Containment by
  cutting off all traffic to Berlin in East Germany
  
• The USA began the Berlin Airlift to bring food,
  fuel, supplies to keep West Berlin from turning
  to Communism
• The standoff lasted 2 weeks until Stalin lifted
  the blockade

23
(No Transcript)
24
Reorganizing the Government
The new air force was the preferred military
agency of the Cold War because airplanes could
drop nuclear bombs if needed

• By 1947, the U.S. govt created 3 new agencies
  during the Cold War
• Dept of Defense to direct the Army Navy The
  military created the Air Force
• Central Intelligence Agency to collect manage
  information among all govt agencies
• Natl Security Council to advise the president on
  natl security

25
The Cold War Expands
26
The Nuclear Arms Race
The Soviet atomic bomb motivated the USA to
regain its nuclear advantage In 1952, the U.S.
tested the 1st hydrogen bomb (1,000 times more
powerful than the a-bomb)
The U.S. monopoly on nuclear weapons technology
ended in 1949 when the USSR successfully tested
their own atomic bomb
The Soviets responded with their own hydrogen
bomb in 1953
27
The Cold War in Asia

• Containment stopped communism in Europe, but by
  the late 1940s the Cold War spread to Asia
• Since the 1930s, Communist Mao Zedong fought
  democratic leaders for control of China
• In 1949, Mao gained control turned China to
  communism
• Americans blamed President Truman for losing
  China

28
Based upon this chart, why were Mao the
Communists so popular among the Chinese people?
29
The Cold War in Asia

• Americas response to the fall of China was to
  more aggressively confront Communism in the world
  
• The U.S. expanded the military stockpiled
  nuclear weapons
• The USA feared that China would influence its
  neighbors to turn communist (domino theory)
• In 1950, the U.S. fought the Korean War to stop
  communism

30
In 1950, North Korea crossed the 38 attacked
South Korea
The USA led a United Nations intervention to stop
North Korea
But, when the USA pushed too close to China, the
Chinese Army entered the war helped North Korea
After WWII, Korea was divided along the 38 with
Communists in the North democracy in the South
By 1953, a ceasefire stopped the fighting the
38 was restored as the boundary between North
South Koreas
31
The USA stopped the spread of Communism into
South Korea, but in 1954, Communist Ho Chi Minh
began a war to gain independence for Vietnam
32
Conclusions

• After World War II, U.S. foreign policy changed
• The U.S. became a superpower that actively
  intervened in world affairs
• The Cold War increased military spending, nuclear
  weapons, fears of a war with the USSR
• President Truman successfully contained
  Communism in Europe but seemed to fail in Asia